Parliament Question: Reforms in the Country's Criminal Justice System

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 994 TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE 24TH JULY, 2026 REFORMS IN THE COUNTRY’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 994. SHRI GANESH SINGH: Will the Minister of LAW AND JUSTICE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government has successfully implemented the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam with effect from 1 July 2024, marking a historic reform of India's criminal justice system, if so, the overall progress of its implementation, State/UT-wise; (b) the number of police personnel, prosecutors and investigating officers trained under the new criminal laws, State/UT-wise; (c) the number of cases registered under major new provisions relating to organised crime, terrorism, electronic evidence and community service; (d) the measures taken to ensure a smooth transition from the previous legal framework, including integration with digital criminal justice platforms; and (e) the implementation status in Madhya Pradesh, particularly in Satna District, along with the future roadmap for strengthening citizen-centric criminal justice delivery? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE; AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS (SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL) (a): Yes Sir, as per information provided by the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) came into force throughout the country with effect from 1 July 2024. The States and Union Territories have taken necessary measures for their implementation, including issuance of relevant notifications and rules, adoption of digital applications and capacity building of stakeholders. 1(b): Training of police personnel and other State-level stakeholders is primarily undertaken by the respective State and Union Territory Governments. In addition, the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) has conducted capacity-building programmes and webinars for Master Trainers and other stakeholders across all 36 States and Union Territories. Since 2024, BPR&D has trained 83,740 officers and stakeholders from the five pillars of the criminal justice system, including Master Trainers. The cadre/position-wise, State/UT-wise and year-wise details are given in Annexure-I. The Master Trainers have also been utilised by State training institutions for conducting further training programmes within the respective States and Union Territories. The details of such training are given in Annexure-II. (c): As per the latest ‘Crime in India’ report released in 2024, the State/UT wise cases registered for organised crimes and terrorism are given in Annexure-III. The data related to the number of cases registered wherein the provision of electronic evidence and community service, were availed is not maintained by the Ministry of Home Affairs. (d): The Nyaya Sanhitas has been implemented throughout the country with effect from 01 July 2024, including the State of Madhya Pradesh. Further, ‘Police’, and ‘Public Order’ are State-list subjects as per the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India. The responsibilities to maintain law and order, protection of life and property of the citizens including investigation and prosecution of crime and criminals rest with the respective State/UT Governments and are competent to deal with such offenses under the extant provisions of law, which also includes the implementation of the Nyaya Sanhita. However, the Central Government supplements their efforts by providing financial support for augmentation of criminal justice infrastructure under various schemes, including the Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) 2.0, Schemes for Modernisation of Forensic Capacities and Nirbhaya Fund-supported projects. (e): As per information provided by the High Court of Madhya Pradesh, several steps have been taken for effective implementation of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 throughout the State, including Satna District. Judicial Officers have been imparted orientation and training through the Madhya Pradesh State Judicial Academy. Necessary amendments have been carried out in the Case Information System (CIS) and e-Courts software to facilitate implementation of the new criminal laws. The District Judiciary is regularly monitored through the administrative side of the High Court to ensure smooth transition and expeditious disposal of cases. The future roadmap includes continuous capacity building of Judicial Officers and court staff, strengthening digital court infrastructure, effective implementation of e-Courts Phase-III, 2greater use of technology for case management, and improving accessibility, transparency and efficiency to provide citizen-centric criminal justice delivery. ****** 3Annexure-I STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 994 FOR 24.07.2026 REGARDING “REFORMS IN THE COUNTRY’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM” Details on number of officers trained by Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D): Outlying No of Prison Judicial Forensic CAPF/ Grand Police Prosecutors Total Others Unit Courses Officers Officers Experts CPO Total (CAPT/ /Webinars CDTI) /Seminars State UT State UT State UT State UT State UT State UT CAPF CPO Bhopal 161 2383 64 1148 1 2830 180 4578 880 505 42 11444 1167 20 173 757 13561 196 Chandigarh 128 3230 58 97 202 87 63 3 8 23 3561 2174 97 205 15181 21218 4 Hyderabad 64 5290 932 586 8 792 4 93 0 1252 173 8013 1117 474 80 10478 20162 Bengaluru 3 278 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 13 9 0 0 300 Jaipur 76 8341 247 986 1 667 9 240 8 81 0 10315 265 22 93 659 11354 Kolkata 112 2806 154 499 49 551 6 210 0 140 1 4206 210 950 652 618 6636 Ghaziabad 78 7059 407 551 29 418 169 236 0 171 0 8435 605 745 519 205 10509 Sub Total 622 29387 3781 3828 185 5460 455 5420 891 2157 239 46252 5551 2317 1722 27898 83740 4Annexure-II STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 994 FOR 24.07.2026 REGARDING “REFORMS IN THE COUNTRY’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM” Details on Capacity Building by States/UTs on Nyaya Sanhita: Police Prison Prosecutors Judicial officers Forensic experts Sl. States /UTs N o. Available Trained Available Trained Available Trained Available Trained Available Trained States Andhra 1 56773 54764 1594 1594 400 400 574 574 131 131 Pradesh Arunachal 2 12277 12277 128 128 100 100 39 32 8 8 Pradesh 3 Assam 54474 54474 941 941 302 302 459 459 111 111 4 Bihar 48688 48688 3406 3310 811 811 1675 1675 126 125 5 Chhattisgarh 36366 36366 1310 1310 269 269 492 492 56 56 6 Goa 7680 7680 129 129 53 53 40 40 33 33 7 Gujarat 65863 65863 2094 2094 859 859 1157 1157 259 259 8 Haryana 53954 53954 2323 2123 900 790 555 555 78 78 Himachal 9 15504 13365 631 631 176 176 152 85 65 65 Pradesh 10 Jharkhand 38292 29359 146 146 169 169 500 500 40 40 11 Karnataka 45324 44860 2666 1241 952 952 1137 1137 467 467 12 Kerala 52808 48623 2031 2031 198 198 628 628 168 157 Madhya 13 87277 87277 5262 5262 1043 1043 1744 1744 137 137 Pradesh 14 Maharashtra 180152 180152 4232 4232 1017 740 2285 2148 297 297 15 Manipur 40693 40693 437 437 42 42 48 48 22 22 16 Meghalaya 3674 3674 159 159 245 245 55 55 12 12 17 Mizoram 6229 6229 215 215 52 52 48 48 14 14 18 Nagaland 18450 11819 1386 1386 20 20 20 20 38 38 19 Odisha 54222 54222 1877 1870 1256 1192 832 832 81 81 20 Punjab 73885 51440 2237 2237 461 304 714 714 80 80 21 Rajasthan 95770 63112 3141 3141 953 953 1500 1312 271 271 22 Sikkim 1816 1816 111 111 45 45 30 22 14 14 23 Tamil Nadu 100970 93075 3926 3926 320 320 1253 1253 230 230 24 Telangana 53115 27747 1110 680 262 262 440 440 40 40 25 Tripura 21901 21901 323 323 125 125 107 107 29 29 26 Uttarakhand 23131 23131 760 760 110 108 301 288 11 11 Uttar 27 233969 221741 7088 7088 2235 2235 2689 2689 232 232 Pradesh 28 West Bengal 50339 41422 210 63 165 40 1105 600 51 51 Union Territories 5Andaman & 1 4475 4475 61 61 15 15 11 11 18 18 Nicobar 2 Chandigarh 5926 5926 299 299 26 26 31 31 86 82 Daman & 3 Diu Dadra & 613 613 13 13 7 7 7 7 0 0 Nagar Haveli 4 Delhi 81775 81775 1817 1817 302 302 801 801 158 158 5 J&K 74004 74004 845 712 261 261 286 286 33 33 6 Ladakh 2345 2345 27 27 8 8 8 6 11 10 7 Lakshadweep 324 324 10 10 2 2 3 3 0 0 8 Puducherry 3677 3677 81 81 20 20 26 26 16 16 Total 1706735 1572863 53026 50588 14181 13446 21752 20825 3423 3406 6Annexure-III STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY OF LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 994 FOR 24.07.2026 REGARDING “REFORMS IN THE COUNTRY’S CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM” State/UT-wise Cases Registered as per ‘Crime in India Report’ 2024: Total Total Petty Total Crimes S. No. State/UT Organised Organised by Terrorists Crimes Crimes 1 Andhra Pradesh 12 343 0 2 Arunachal Pradesh 2 0 2 3 Assam 37 9 1 4 Bihar 62 24 1 5 Chhattisgarh 12 7 0 6 Goa 4 3 0 7 Gujarat 140 34 0 8 Haryana 76 37 0 9 Himachal Pradesh 0 5 0 10 Jharkhand 57 1 0 11 Karnataka 0 16 0 12 Kerala 20 3 0 13 Madhya Pradesh 202 25 0 14 Maharashtra 20 28 0 15 Manipur 0 0 4 16 Meghalaya 3 0 3 17 Mizoram 0 0 0 18 Nagaland 0 0 0 19 Odisha 0 0 0 20 Punjab 40 15 2 21 Rajasthan 94 40 0 22 Sikkim 0 0 0 23 Tamil Nadu 1 5 0 24 Telangana 7 57 0 25 Tripura 0 0 0 26 Uttar Pradesh 18 36 0 27 Uttarakhand 0 2 0 28 West Bengal 5 3 1 29 A&N Islands 0 0 0 30 Chandigarh 3 0 1 31 D&N Haveli and Daman & Diu 0 0 0 32 Delhi 20 180 0 33 Jammu & Kashmir 0 2 9 34 Ladakh 0 0 0 35 Lakshadweep 0 0 0 36 Puducherry 5 1 0 Total 840 876 24 7