**Executive Summary:**
This document addresses cybercrime in India, referencing the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data and the government's legal framework. It outlines measures taken by the Central Government, including the establishment of the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C) and the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. The document also details financial assistance provided to States/UTs for capacity building and the establishment of cyber forensic laboratories. Data current to August 8th, 2025, is included.
**Key Points / Main Content:**
* **Cybercrime Statistics:**
* NCRB data from 2022 indicates 65,893 registered cybercrime cases.
* **Legal Framework:**
* The Information Technology Act, 2000, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 provide the current legal framework.
* **Cybercrime Courts:**
* The government has not received proposals from States/UTs for the establishment of specialized cybercrime courts.
* **Pending Cases:**
* The government does not maintain separate data on pending cybercrime cases in courts.
* **Central Government Initiatives:**
* The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) established the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C).
* The National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal (cybercrime.gov.in) was launched.
* The Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System (CFCFRMS) was launched in 2021.
* A Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre (CFMC) has been established at I4C.
* Over 9.42 lakhs SIM cards and 2,63,348 IMEIs have been blocked.
* **Financial Assistance and Capacity Building:**
* Financial assistance is provided to States/UTs under the 'Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC)' scheme.
* Cyber Forensic-cum-Training Laboratories have been commissioned in 33 States/UTs.
* **National Cyber Forensic Laboratory:**
* A National Cyber Forensic Laboratory has been established in New Delhi.
* **Training and Coordination:**
* The I4C organizes State Connect, Thana Connect, and peer learning sessions.
* The CyTrain portal offers online courses for police and judicial officers.
* Samanvaya Platform facilitates data sharing and analytics for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs).
**Impact Analysis:**
* **States/UTs:**
* *Impact:* Primarily responsible for prevention, detection, investigation, and prosecution of cybercrimes. Receive advisories and financial assistance from the Central Government.
* *Action Required:* Utilize provided resources and schemes for capacity building of Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs).
* **Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs):**
* *Impact:* Responsible for handling cybercrime incidents, converting them into FIRs, and taking subsequent action.
* *Action Required:* Utilize the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal and Samanvaya Platform for reporting and data sharing. Participate in training programs offered through the CyTrain portal.
* **Judiciary:**
* *Impact:* Responsible for the resolution of cybercrime cases.
* *Action Required:* Expedite proceedings in cybercrime cases. Participate in training programs offered through the CyTrain portal.
* **Citizens:**
* *Impact:* Can report cybercrime incidents through the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal.
* *Action Required:* Report cybercrime incidents through the portal and utilize the toll-free Helpline number 1930 for assistance.
* **Financial Institutions, Telecom Service Providers, IT Intermediaries:**
* *Impact:* Collaboration with Law Enforcement agencies required to combat cybercrime.
* *Action Required:* Work with the Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre to take immediate action and cooperate to tackle cybercrime.
Key Entities Referenced
National Crime Records Bureau NCRB: A government agency responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data in India. The report 'Crime in India 2022' published by NCRB is referenced.
Information Technology Act, 2000: An act of the Parliament of India to provide legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication, commonly referred to as e-commerce.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: A law of India, part of criminal law.
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: A law of India, part of criminal procedure.
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023: A law of India, part of law of evidence.
Constitution of India: The supreme law of India, which defines the framework of political principles, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens.
Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre I4C: An attached office of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, established to deal with all types of cybercrimes in the country in a coordinated and comprehensive manner.
Ministry of Home Affairs: A ministry of the Government of India.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
LOK SABHA
STARRED QUESTION No. 291
TO BE ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE 08th AUGUST, 2025
Strengthening Cyber-crime Laws
*291. Shri G Kumar Naik:
Will the Minister of LAW AND JUSTICE be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government is aware of the fact that, as per report of the
National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2023, over 52,000 cases of
cybercrimes were registered across the Country, with significant rise in
cyber fraud cases, and if so, the details thereof;
(b) the current legal framework addressing cybercrimes in the country and
whether the Government plans to introduce amendments or new
legislation to address emerging threats such as phishing, ransomware
and cryptocurrency-related frauds;
(c) whether the Government has received proposals from States/UTs for
establishment of specialized cybercrime courts and if so, the details
thereof and action taken thereon;
(d) the number of cybercrime cases pending in courts as of January 2025
and measures being undertaken to expedite their resolution; and
(e) the steps being taken to strengthen collaboration between the judiciary,
enforcement agencies and cybersecurity experts to improve prosecution
of cybercrime cases?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE
MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE; AND MINISTER OF STATE IN
THE MINISTRY OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS
(SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)
(a) to (e): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) TO (e) OF LOK
SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 291 FOR ANSWER ON 08/08/2025
REGARDING ‘STRENGTHENING CYBER-CRIME LAWS’
(a) As per the latest available data in the Report “Crime in India 2022” published
by the NCRB, a total 65,893 cases were registered under Cyber Crimes in 2022
and the Table 9A- 1 gives the State/UT wise Data of Cyber Crimes 2020-2022
(Annexure. I).
(b) The Information Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000) along with the Bharatiya
Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (45 of 2023), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
(46 of 2023) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 (47 of 2023) provides
a robust legal framework to address the cybercrime laws in the country, for the
present.
(c) No.
(d) No separate data is being maintained regarding the cybercrime cases pending
in the courts. However, courts generally are taking all the steps at their end for
early conclusion of the proceedings.
(e) ‘Police’ and ‘Public Order’ are State subjects as per the Seventh Schedule of
the Constitution of India. The States/UTs are primarily responsible for the
prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of crimes including
cybercrime through their Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs). The Central
Government supplements the initiatives of the States/UTs through advisories and
financial assistance under various schemes for capacity building of their LEAs.
To strengthen the mechanism to deal with cyber crimes in a comprehensive
and coordinated manner, the Central Government has taken steps which, inter
alia, include the following: –(i) The Ministry of Home Affairs has set up the ‘Indian Cyber Crime
Coordination Centre’ (I4C) as an attached office to deal with all types of
cybercrimes in the country, in a coordinated and comprehensive manner.
(ii) The ‘National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal’
(https://cybercrime.gov.in) has been launched, as a part of the I4C, to
enable public to report incidents pertaining to all types of cyber crimes,
with special focus on cyber crimes against women and children. Cyber
crime incidents reported on this portal, their conversion into FIRs and
subsequent action thereon are handled by the State/UT Law Enforcement
Agencies concerned as per the provisions of the law.
(iii) The ‘Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management
System’(CFCFRMS), under I4C, has been launched in year 2021 for
immediate reporting of financial frauds and to stop siphoning off funds by
the fraudsters. As per CFCFRMS operated by I4C, financial amount of
more than Rs. 5,489 crore has been saved in more than 17.82 lakh
complaints so far. A toll-free Helpline number ‘1930’ has been
operationalised to get assistance in lodging online cyber complaints.
(iv) A State of the Art, Cyber Fraud Mitigation Centre (CFMC) has been
established at I4C where representatives of major banks, Financial
Intermediaries, Payment Aggregators, Telecom Service Providers, IT
Intermediaries and representatives of States/UTs Law Enforcement
Agency are working together for immediate action and seamless
cooperation to tackle cybercrime.
(v) So far, more than 9.42 lakhs SIM cards and 2,63,348 IMEIs as reported
by Police authorities have been blocked by the Government of India.
(vi) The Ministry of Home Affairs has provided financial assistance under
the ‘Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC)'
Scheme, to the States/UTs for their capacity building such as setting up ofcyber forensic-cum-training laboratories, hiring of junior cyber consultants
and training of LEAs personnel, public prosecutors and judicial officers.
Cyber Forensic-cum-Training Laboratories have been commissioned in 33
States/UTs namely Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, Telangana,
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Dadra and Nagar
Haveli & Daman and Diu, Punjab, Tripura, Puducherry, Chandigarh,
Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Manipur,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Delhi. In Tamil Nadu the laboratory is
functional partially.
(vii) The state of the art ‘National Cyber Forensic Laboratory
(Investigation)’ has been established, as a part of the I4C, at New Delhi to
provide early stage cyber forensic assistance to Investigating Officers (IOs)
of State/UT Police. So far, National Cyber Forensics Laboratory
(Investigation) has provided its services to State/UT LEAs in around
12,460 cases pertaining to cyber crimes.
(viii) The I4C, MHA is regularly organising ‘State Connect’, ‘Thana
Connect’ and Peer learning session to share best practices, enhance
capacity building, etc.
(ix) The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platform, namely
‘CyTrain’ portal has been developed under I4C, for capacity building of
police officers/judicial officers through online course on critical aspects of
cyber crime investigation, forensics, prosecution etc. More than 1,05,796
Police Officers from States/UTs are registered and more than 82,704
Certificates issued through the portal.
(x) Samanvaya Platform has been made operational to serve as an
Management Information System (MIS) platform, data repository and a
coordination platform for LEAs for cybercrime data sharing and analytics.It provides analytics-based interstate linkages of crimes and criminals,
involved in cybercrime complaints in various States/UTs. The module
‘Pratibimb’ map’s locations of criminals and crime infrastructure on a map
to give visibility to jurisdictional officers. The module also facilitates
seeking and receiving of techno-legal assistance by LEAs from I4C and
other Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). It has led to arrest of 12,987 accused,
1,51,984 linkages and 70,584 Cyber Investigation assistance request so far.
______ANNEXURE-I
TABLE 9A.1
Cyber Crimes (State/UT-wise) - 2020-2022
Mid-Year
Rate of Chargesheeting
Projected
SL State/UT 2020 2021 2022 Total Rate (2022)
Population
Cyber
(in
Crimes
Lakhs)
(2022)
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
STATES:
1 Andhra Pradesh 1899 1875 2341 530.3 4.4 16.8
2 Arunachal Pradesh 30 47 14 15.5 0.9 50.0
3 Assam 3530 4846 1733 354.9 4.9 14.0
4 Bihar 1512 1413 1621 1255.3 1.3 69.3
5 Chhattisgarh 297 352 439 299.5 1.5 78.8
6 Goa 40 36 90 15.7 5.7 37.5
7 Gujarat 1283 1536 1417 709.3 2.0 62.9
8 Haryana 656 622 681 299.7 2.3 58.0
9 Himachal Pradesh 98 70 77 74.4 1.0 62.3
10 Jharkhand 1204 953 967 391.4 2.5 63.6
11 Karnataka 10741 8136 12556 674.1 18.6 21.1
12 Kerala 426 626 773 356.8 2.2 58.4
13 Madhya Pradesh 699 589 826 858.9 1.0 85.2
14 Maharashtra 5496 5562 8249 1257.4 6.6 30.5
15 Manipur 79 67 18 32.0 0.6 0.0
16 Meghalaya 142 107 75 33.3 2.3 6.1
17 Mizoram 13 30 1 12.3 0.1 0.0
18 Nagaland 8 8 4 22.2 0.2 10.0
19 Odisha 1931 2037 1983 460.8 4.3 11.4
20 Punjab 378 551 697 306.0 2.3 58.8
21 Rajasthan 1354 1504 1833 804.4 2.3 40.5
22 Sikkim 0 0 26 6.8 3.8 -
23 Tamil Nadu 782 1076 2082 767.1 2.7 69.8
24 Telangana 5024 10303 15297 379.5 40.3 17.1
25 Tripura 34 24 30 41.2 0.7 22.5
26 Uttar Pradesh 11097 8829 10117 2340.9 4.3 45.3
27 Uttarakhand 243 718 559 115.6 4.8 24.3
28 West Bengal 712 513 401 987.6 0.4 73.0
TOTAL STATE(S) 49708 52430 64907 13403.0 4.8 29.3
UNION TERRITORIES:
29 A&N Islands 5 8 28 4.0 7.0 63.6
30 Chandigarh 17 15 27 12.2 2.2 42.1
D&N Haveli and
31 3 5 5 12.0 0.4 71.4
Daman & Diu
32 Delhi 168 356 685 211.0 3.2 89.3
33 Jammu & Kashmir 120 154 173 135.4 1.3 43.1
34 Ladakh 1 5 3 3.0 1.0 0.0
35 Lakshadweep 3 1 1 0.7 1.4 0.0
36 Puducherry 10 0 64 16.2 3.9 72.7
TOTAL UT(S) 327 544 986 394.5 2.5 70.0
TOTAL ALL INDIA 50035 52974 65893 13797.5 4.8 29.6
+' Crime Rate is calculated as Crime per one lakh of population. TABLE 9A.1 Page 1 of 1
● Population Source: Report of Technical group on Population Projections (July, 2020) National Commission on Population,
MoHFW
● As per data provided by States/UTs
● States/UTs may not be compared purely on the basis of crime figures # Clarifications are pending from Nagaland