Executive Summary:
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) addresses a parliamentary inquiry regarding support for youth organizations in skill building, challenges faced by Skill India Mission and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), and measures to address these issues. The response details funding allocations for various schemes between 2015 and 2025, steps taken to align skills with industry needs, and third-party evaluations of scheme impacts. It highlights initiatives for women's participation and the establishment of regulatory bodies and industry partnerships.
Key Points / Main Content:
Financial Support and Schemes:
* The Government supports youth employability through the Skill India Mission (SIM) via skill, reskill, and upskill training.
* Schemes include Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Jan Sikhshan Sansthan (JSS), National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS), and Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs).
* Funds are allocated based on demand for training programs, with specific amounts released to implementing agencies and NGOs.
* Stipend support up to Rs 1500 per month is provided to apprentices under NAPS via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
* The following amounts have been released under MSDE schemes:
* PMKVY: Rs. 11,429.21 Cr (2015-16 up to 30.06.2025)
* NAPS: Rs. 1,823.08 Cr (2018-19 up to 31.03.2025)
* JSS Scheme: Rs. 873.94 Cr (2018-19 up to 31.03.2025)
Improving Skill Alignment and Access:
* The National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET) sets regulations and standards for quality in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET).
* Awarding Bodies develop qualifications based on industry demand and map them with occupations as per the National Classification of Occupations, 2015.
* 36 Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) identify skill development needs and determine skill competency standards.
* The Directorate General of Training (DGT) implements Flexi MoU Scheme and Dual System of Training (DST) for ITI students in industrial environments.
* PMKVY aligns with Industry 4.0 requirements with new age/future skills job roles like AI/ML, Robotics and Drone Technology.
* DGT has introduced new age future skills courses in ITIs and National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs) such as 5G Network Technician and Cyber Security Assistant.
* MoUs with IT Tech companies (IBM, CISCO, AWS, Microsoft) facilitate technical and professional skills training.
* Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) in Ahmedabad and Mumbai provide training for Industry 4.0 readiness.
* Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH) integrates skilling, education, employment, and entrepreneurship ecosystems.
* Rozgar Melas and Pradhan Mantri National Apprenticeship Melas (PMNAMs) facilitate placements and apprenticeships.
* Special provisions encourage women's participation, with PMKVY 4.0 prioritizing projects benefiting women.
Third-Party Evaluations and Impact:
* NITI Aayog's PMKVY evaluation showed 94% of employers would hire PMKVY-trained candidates.
* 52% of RPL-certified candidates received or expected higher salaries.
* JSS evaluation in 2020 found the scheme nearly doubled household income for employed/self-employed beneficiaries.
* NAPS evaluation in 2021 observed enhanced employability through on-the-job training. DBT method adopted to streamline reimbursements.
* A 2018 Tracer Study of ITI Graduates indicated 63.5% employment, with 6.7% self-employed.
Impact Analysis:
Youth:
* Impact: Improved employability and access to industry-relevant skills through various training programs and schemes.
* Action Required: Participate in available skill development programs, utilize the Skill India Digital Hub for job and apprenticeship opportunities, and engage with Rozgar Melas and PMNAMs.
Training Providers (including ITIs, NSTIs, and other skill development centers):
* Impact: Access to funding and support for implementing training programs.
* Action Required: Align training curricula with industry needs, collaborate with SSCs and industry partners, and leverage government schemes for financial assistance.
Employers:
* Impact: Access to a skilled workforce trained under various government schemes.
* Action Required: Engage with training providers to align curricula with industry requirements, participate in apprenticeship programs, and consider hiring PMKVY-trained candidates.
Women:
* Impact: Increased access to skill development programs with special provisions for support.
* Action Required: Participate in skill development programs, especially those prioritized under PMKVY 4.0, and utilize the resources available at NSTIs and ITIs exclusively for women.
Government (MSDE and associated bodies):
* Impact: Responsibility for effective implementation and monitoring of skill development schemes.
* Action Required: Continuously assess and update training curricula based on industry demands, ensure effective fund utilization, and address challenges identified in third-party evaluations.
Key Entities Referenced
Skill India Mission: A flagship skill development initiative by the Government of India aimed at improving employability through skill training.
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): A skill development scheme under the Skill India Mission focused on providing vocational training and certification.
Jan Sikhshan Sansthan (JSS): A scheme providing skill development training, with a focus on non-governmental organizations.
National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS): A scheme to promote apprenticeship training by providing stipend support to apprentices.
Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS): A scheme implemented through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) to provide vocational training.
National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET): An overarching regulator establishing regulations and standards for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET).
Directorate General of Training (DGT): An organization under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) implementing training programs like Flexi MoU Scheme and Dual System of Training (DST).
Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs): Institutes providing vocational training under the Craftsman Training Scheme (CTS).
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2426
ANSWERED ON 04.08.2025
SUPPORT TO YOUTH ORGANISATIONS FOR SKILL BUILDING
2426. SHRI E T MOHAMMED BASHEER:
Will the Minister of SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP be
pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has provided adequate financial and policy support to
youth organisations for skill-building and engagement, if so, the details including the
funding amounts allocated, categories of support and the implementing agencies;
(b) whether it has come to the notice of the Government that flagship skill
development initiatives such as the Skill India Mission and Pradhan Mantri Kaushal
Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) are facing persistent challenges such as significant
under-utilisation of funds, outdated training curricula, low placement and employer
engagement rates, and inadequate access for small enterprises and women;
(c) if so, the details thereof and the steps being taken by the Government to address
these issues;
(d) whether any third-party evaluations or independent monitoring mechanisms
instituted to measure the real-world impact (e.g., placement success, industry
satisfaction) of the skill initiatives; and
(e) if so, the details of the corrective measures identified so far?
ANSWER
THE MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) IN THE MINISTRY OF SKILL
DEVELOPMENT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
(SHRI JAYANT CHAUDHARY)
(a) to (c): The Government of India is taking proactive steps to improve employability of
the youth of the nation through skill development. Under the Skill India Mission (SIM),
the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) delivers skill, re-skill
and up-skill training through an extensive network of skill development centres under
various schemes, viz. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), Jan Sikhshan
Sansthan (JSS), National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) and Craftsman
Training Scheme (CTS) through Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), to all the sections of
the society across the country. The SIM aims at enabling youth of India to get future
ready and equipped with industry relevant skills. Adequate funds are made available
under the schemes through budget for conducting training programs, which are demand
based.
Funds under PMKVY are released to implementing agencies for meeting the training
cost as per prescribed norms. Under JSS scheme, funds are released to Non-
Governmental Organizations (NGOs) directly. Under NAPS, stipend support up to Rs
1500/- per month is released to apprentices through DBT and not to establishments
covered. Day to day administration as well as financial control in respect of ITIs lies with
the respective State Government/ UT Administration.Details of the fund released for implementation of the schemes of MSDE are as under:
Scheme(s) Amount (in Rs. Cr)
PMKVY
11,429.21
(2015-16 up to 30.06.2025)
NAPS
1,823.08
(2018-19 up to 31.03.2025)
JSS Scheme
873.94
(2018-19 up to 31.03.2025)
To ensure that the skills imparted are aligned with the current industry requirements,
improves employability of the youth, and enhance the equitable access to women
candidates, the following specific steps have been taken by MSDE:
(i) National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET) has been set up
as an overarching regulator establishing regulations and standards to ensure
quality in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) space.
(ii) The Awarding Bodies recognised by NCVET are expected to develop the
qualifications as per the industry demand and map them with the identified
occupations as per the National Classification of Occupations, 2015 and obtain
industry validations.
(iii) 36 Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), led by industry leaders in the respective sectors,
have been set up which are mandated to identify the skill development needs of
respective sectors as well as to determine skill competency standards. NSDC,
under the Market led program, provides support to training providers that
collaborate and align skill courses with industry demand.
(iv) Directorate General of Training (DGT) under the aegis of MSDE is implementing
Flexi MoU Scheme and Dual System of Training (DST) which are meant to provide
training to ITI students in industrial environment as per their requirements.
(v) Under PMKVY, the new age/future skills job-roles have been specially aligned with
Industry 4.0 requirements in areas like AI/ML, Robotics, Mechatronics, Drone
Technology, etc. for upcoming market demand and industry requirements.
(vi) DGT has introduced new age /future skills courses in Industrial Training Institutes
(ITIs) and National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs) under CTS to provide training
in emerging areas such as 5G Network Technician, Artificial Intelligence
Programming assistant, Cyber Security Assistant, Drone Technician etc.
(vii) DGT has signed MoU with IT Tech companies like IBM, CISCO, Future Skill Rights
Network, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft to ensure industry linkages
for the institutes at the state and regional levels under CSR initiatives. These
partnerships facilitate the provision of technical and professional skills training in
modern technologies.
(viii) Indian Institute of Skills (IIS) established at Ahmedabad and Mumbai, in Public
Private Partnership (PPP) Mode, provide training to create a pool of industry-ready
workforce for Industry 4.0, equipped with cutting-edge technology and hands-on
training.
(ix) MSDE has launched Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH) a unified platform that integrates
skilling, education, employment, and entrepreneurship ecosystems to provide a
life-long array of services targeting a wide range of stakeholders. The details of
the trained candidates are available on SIDH portal for connecting with potential
employers. Through SiDH, candidates can have access to jobs and apprenticeship
opportunities.
(x) MSDE also organises Rozgar Melas and Pradhan Mantri National Apprenticeship
Melas (PMNAMs) to facilitate the placements and apprenticeship opportunities to
the certified candidates.(xi) To encourage participation of women in skill development programs, special
provisions have been made for meeting expenditure on conveyance and boarding
& lodging as well as post placement support. PMKVY 4.0 prioritizes and provides
special focus to projects that emphasize women as primary beneficiaries. Women
constitute more than 80% of beneficiaries under JSS scheme. Also, there are 19
National Skill Training Institutes (NSTI) and more than 300 ITIs exclusively for
women.
(d) & (e): Impact of schemes for skill development is assessed through their third party
independent evaluation. MSDE’s flagship scheme PMKVY was evaluated by NITI
Aayog in October 2020. As per the study, about 94 percent of the employers surveyed
reported they would hire more candidates trained under PMKVY. Further, 52 percent of
the candidates who were placed in full time/part time employment and oriented under
the RPL component received higher salary or felt that they will get higher salary
compared to their un-certified peers.
As regards other schemes of MSDE, third party evaluation reports have mentioned
about success in terms of placement or livelihood improvement of candidates trained
under different schemes. The brief details of same are as given below:
JSS: Evaluation study of JSS scheme conducted in 2020 has found that the scheme
has helped in almost doubling the household income for those beneficiaries have got
employment or were self-employed after the JSS training. The report has further
observed that usefulness of the scheme would be further evident from the fact that
77.05% of the beneficiary trainees have undergone occupational shifts. The study also
affirmed that the focus of the skilling in the scheme favours self-employment.
NAPS: Third-party evaluation study of NAPS conducted in 2021 has observed that the
scheme has successfully enhanced the employability of youth by providing structured
on-the-job training, with a notable increase in the engagement of apprentices across
various industries. In the new version of the scheme, DBT method has been adopted to
transfer government's share directly to apprentices' bank accounts, as streamlined
reimbursement process was recommended in the report.
ITIs: The final report of Tracer Study of ITI Graduates published in 2018 by MSDE
mentions that 63.5% of total ITI pass-outs got employed (out of which 6.7% are self-
employed).
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