Parliament Question: Use of Artificial Intelligence in legal system

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE RAJYA SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 289 ANSWERED ON – 19/03/2026 USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL SYSTEM *289 DR. KANIMOZHI NVN SOMU:

Will the Minister of Law and Justice be pleased to state:

(a) whether Government proposes to integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) into judiciary and law enforcement in the country;

(b) if so, whether any special policies or guidelines are being prepared for use of ethical AI in legal system and if so, the details thereof;

(c) the manner in which AI is being utilized to reduce the pendency of cases in Indian courts and improve their working efficiency; and

(d) the manner in which the law enforcement agencies would ensure accountability and transparency in the use of AI technologies? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE; AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS (SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)

(a) to (d): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.

1STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) TO (d) IN RESPECT OF RAJYA SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 289 FOR REPLY ON 19.03.2026 REGARDING ‘USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEGAL SYSTEM’

(a) to (d): Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being integrated in the judiciary and law enforcement systems in the country to support data-driven processes and improve efficiency in the criminal justice system. The Inter-Operable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) project, based on the principle of ‘one data one entry’, aims to achieve seamless information exchange across all the pillars of criminal justice system and digitally link the databases of police (CCTNS), e-Courts, e-Prisons and e-Prosecution and e-Forensics. Data between the Case Information System (CIS) under e-Courts and other pillars of ICJS are shared within the ambit of data sharing matrix approved by the eCommittee of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India.

As part of the National e-Governance Plan, Phase-III of the eCourts Mission Mode project is under implementation for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) enablement of courts and to enhance the judicial productivity, both qualitatively & quantitatively, making the justice delivery system accessible, cost effective, reliable and transparent. Under this project, Rs.

53.57 crore have been earmarked for the component “Future Technological Advancements” to integrate modern technologies for smoother user experience.

To explore the use of AI in judicial domain, the Supreme Court of India constituted an AI Committee, which is responsible for conceptualizing, implementing and monitoring use of AI in the judiciary. However, no formal policy or guidelines exist for adopting AI tools in judicial processes, as AI-based solutions remain in the controlled pilot phase and authorities use AI only within the areas approved in the DPR of eCourts Phase III. Besides, formulation and regulation of operational frameworks in this regard will be governed by the rules of business and policies of the concerned High Courts.

The Supreme Court of India in collaboration with IIT Madras is testing the prototypes of AI and ML tools for curing document defects, meta data extraction and integration with the electronic filing module and the case management software, namely Integrated Case Management & Information System (ICMIS). An AI based tool called Legal Research Analysis Assistant [LegRAA] has been developed to aid judges in legal research and document analysis. Another AI based tool called Digital Courts 2.1 has been developed to assist Judges and Judicial Officers in managing the court in paperless manner by providing a single window for all case-related information and tasks. The platform includes voice-to-text (ASR-SHRUTI) and translation (PANINI) functionalities to assist the judges with order and judgment dictation.

2Judiciary is aware that integrating AI into judicial processes poses key challenges such as algorithmic bias, language and translation issues, data privacy and security concerns, and the need for manual verification of AI-generated outputs. Both LegRAA and Digital Courts

2.1 take care of the issues of data privacy and ethical safeguards by using Court’s own data i.e. judgments and orders passed by the Supreme Court, High Courts and District Courts. Further, these tools are to be made available internally to judicial officers, thereby ensuring data privacy. In addition, the eCommittee, Supreme Court of India has formed a Sub-Committee of six High Court judges with technical experts to recommend secure connectivity and authentication mechanism for data and privacy protection, assess the digital infrastructure and service delivery systems under the eCourts Project to strengthen data security.

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