**Executive Summary:**
This document addresses the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) within the Supreme Court of India and the status of e-courts in Gujarat, as of July 25, 2025. It details the deployment of AI tools for case management, translation of judgments, and defect identification in e-filing, while also outlining the experimental stage of SUPACE. The document also provides information on the operational e-courts in Gujarat, district-wise, focusing on remote adjudication and virtual traffic courts.
**Key Points / Main Content:**
* **AI and ML in Supreme Court Case Management:**
* AI and ML tools are deployed for case management, specifically transcribing oral arguments in Constitutional Bench matters. Transcribed arguments are accessible on the Supreme Court website.
* AI and ML tools are used for translating judgments from English to 18 Indian languages, accessible via the eSCR portal.
* AI and ML tools, developed with IIT Madras, are integrated with electronic filing software to identify defects; a prototype has been granted to 200 Advocates-on-Record.
* Prototypes of AI and ML tools are being tested with IIT Madras for defect curing and data/metadata extraction, intended for integration with ICMIS.
* AI and ML tools are *not* being used in the decision-making process.
* **SUPACE (Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court's Efficiency):**
* SUPACE, designed to understand case facts and intelligently search precedents, is in the experimental stage.
* Deployment awaits procurement of graphic processing units and Tensor Processing Units.
* **eCourts in Gujarat:**
* Mandatory e-filing and remote adjudication via video conferencing are provided for dishonor of cheque cases under the N.I. Act, 1881, instituted by Banks and NBFCs within the jurisdiction of Ahmedabad City's Chief Judicial Magistrate Courts.
* The Gujarat Government has extended the jurisdiction of all Magisterial Courts to try e-filed N.I. Act cases of Ahmedabad City through remote adjudication.
* Five Judicial Officers in Ahmedabad, Anand, Narmada, and Gir Somnath are nominated as Presiding Officers of Statewide Access to Remote Adjudication System (SARAS) N.I. Courts for Ahmedabad City’s e-filed cases.
* Virtual Traffic Courts are implemented in Gujarat, with a total of 21 courts across 15 districts.
**Impact Analysis**
* **Supreme Court of India:**
* *Impact:* Enhanced case management, improved accessibility of judgments, and streamlined e-filing processes through the use of AI and ML tools.
* *Action Required:* Continue the experimental development and deployment of SUPACE, procure necessary hardware (graphic processing units and Tensor Processing Units), and integrate tested AI/ML tools with existing systems.
* **Advocates-on-Record:**
* *Impact:* Access to AI and ML-based tools for defect identification in e-filing, potentially improving efficiency.
* *Action Required:* Utilize and provide feedback on the prototype tool for defect identification.
* **Judicial Officers in Gujarat:**
* *Impact:* Expanded jurisdiction to handle e-filed N.I. Act cases through remote adjudication; specific officers nominated for SARAS N.I. Courts.
* *Action Required:* Implement remote adjudication for relevant cases, with nominated officers presiding over SARAS N.I. Courts while maintaining their existing place of work.
* **Citizens/Litigants in Gujarat:**
* *Impact:* Increased access to justice through virtual traffic courts and remote adjudication of N.I. Act cases.
* *Action Required:* Utilize the available e-filing and virtual court facilities for relevant cases.
* **High Court of Gujarat:**
* *Impact:* Oversight and management of the e-courts project and the implementation of remote adjudication.
* *Action Required:* Ensure the smooth functioning of e-courts and the effective implementation of remote adjudication processes, including monitoring the performance of nominated Judicial Officers.
Key Entities Referenced
Supreme Court of India: The highest judicial court and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): A branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.
Machine Learning (ML): A type of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows software applications to become more accurate at predicting outcomes without being explicitly programmed.
SUPACE (Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court's Efficiency): An AI-driven tool aimed at developing a module to understand the factual matrix of cases with an intelligent search of the precedents apart from identifying the cases.
National Informatics Centre (NIC): An attached office under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology in the Indian government.
IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras, an engineering institute that collaborated with the Supreme Court of India to develop AI and ML-based tools.
High Court of Gujarat: The High Court of the state of Gujarat in India.
Negotiable Instruments N.I. Act, 1881: An Act to define and amend the law relating to promissory notes, bills of exchange and cheques.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE
(DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE)
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION No. 984
ANSWERED ON FRIDAY, THE 25th JULY, 2025
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SUPREME COURT
984. Smt. Poonamben Hematbhai Maadam:
Will the Minister of LAW AND JUSTICE be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Supreme Court has begun using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine
learning tools to assist in case management and decision-making:
(b) if so, the details thereof;
(c) the status of deployment of AI-driven tools like SUPACE (Supreme Court Portal for
Assistance in Court's Efficiency); and
(d) the number of operational e-courts in the State of Gujarat, district-wise?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF LAW AND
JUSTICE; AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF PARLIAMENTARY
AFFAIRS
(SHRI ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL)
(a) & (b): As per the information provided by the Supreme Court of India, Artificial Intelligence
(AI), and Machine Learning (ML) based tools are being deployed in case management. These
tools are being used in transcribing oral arguments in Constitutional Bench matters. The AI
assisted transcribed arguments can be accessed from the website of the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court of India is also using AI and ML based tools in close coordination with
National Informatics Centre (NIC), in translation of judgments from English language to 18
Indian languages viz., Assamese, Bengali, Garo, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Khasi,
Konkani, Malayali, Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Santali, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu. The
judgments can be accessed through the eSCR portal of the Supreme Court of India.
The Supreme Court of India, in close coordination with IIT Madras, has developed and
deployed AI and ML based tools integrated with the electronic filing software for identification
of defects. Recently, the access of the proto-type has been granted to 200 Advocates-on-Record.
The Supreme Court of India is also testing prototypes of AI and ML tools, for curing
defects, data, meta data extraction in collaboration with IIT Madras. This AI and ML based tool
will be integrated with the electronic filing module and the case management software, namely
Integrated Case Management & Information System (ICMIS).
However, no AI and ML based tools are being used by the Supreme Court of India in
decision making process.
1(c): The AI based tool, Supreme Court Portal Assistance in Court Efficiency (SUPACE), aimed
at developing a module to understand the factual matrix of cases with an intelligent search of the
precedents apart from identifying the cases, is in experimental stage of development. SUPACE
may be deployed after procurement and deployment of graphic processing unit(s) and other latest
technology-based units such as Tensor Processing Unit.
(d): As per information provided by High Court of Gujarat, mandatory e-filing and remote
adjudication using video conferencing facilities have been provided for dealing with cases of
dishonour of cheques under Negotiable Instruments (N.I.) Act, 1881 being instituted by the
Banks and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) for jurisdiction of Chief Judicial
Magistrate Courts of Ahmadabad City. In addition, Government of Gujarat has extended the
jurisdiction of all the Magisterial Courts of the State to try, through Remote Adjudication, all the
e-filed cases of Negotiable Instrument Act of the jurisdiction of C. J. M. Courts of Ahmedabad
City. Accordingly, the High Court of Gujarat through a notification, nominated 5 Judicial
Officers posted in Ahmedabad, Anand, Narmada and Gir Somnath as Presiding Officers of
Statewide Access to Remote Adjudication System (SARAS) N. I. Courts for e-filed cases
of Ahmedabad City. The place of work of these Judicial Officers would not change for presiding
over these Remote Adjudication Courts.
Further, Virtual Traffic Courts under the aegis of the eCourts Project have been
implemented in Gujarat, the details of which are as under:
Sr. No. District Nos. of Virtual Traffic Courts
1 Navsari 3
2 Panchmahals 1
3 Bhavnagar 1
4 Dahod 2
5 Porbandar 1
6 Tapi 1
7 Amreli 3
8 Gir Somnath 1
9 Surendranagar 1
10 Banaskantha 2
11 Sabarkantha 1
12 Ahmedabad City 1
13 Ahmedabad Rural 1
14 Junagadh 1
15 Patan 1
TOTAL 21
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