Survey on Foreign Collaboration in Indian Industry: 2023–2025 – Data Release

प्रेस प्रकाशनी PRESS RELEASE भारतीय �रज़वर् बैंक RESERVE BANK OF INDIA वेबसाइट : www.rbi.org.in/hindi संचार िवभाग, केंद्रीय कायार्लय, शहीद भगत िसंह मागर्, फोटर्, मुंबई - 400 001 Website : www.rbi.org.in Department of Communication, Central Office, Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, Fort, ई-मेल/email : helpdoc@rbi.org.in Mumbai - 400 001 फोन/Phone: 022 - 2266 0502 December 02, 2025 Survey on Foreign Collaboration in Indian Industry: 2023–2025 – Data Release Today, the Reserve Bank released the results1 of the fifteenth round of its biennial survey on foreign collaboration in Indian industry (FCS) covering the financial years 2023-24 and 2024-25. This survey captures information on financial parameters and operations of the Indian companies having technical collaboration with foreign companies during the reference period, as per the attached schedule. In the latest survey round, 601 foreign technical collaboration (FTC) agreements were reported by 255 Indian entities, of which, 163 entities had participated in the previous survey round. Highlights: • Foreign technical collaboration (FTC) agreements were primarily present in the foreign direct investment (FDI) companies, which were either foreign subsidiaries (i.e., single foreign investor holding more than 50 per cent of total equity) or foreign associate companies (i.e., foreign investors’ equity holding ranging between 10 to 50 per cent), with 68 per cent and 21 per cent share of the total FTCs, respectively (Table 1). • The FTCs in the manufacturing sector entities accounted for 78.4 per cent of the total reported FTCs, of which, machinery and motor vehicles together accounted for 30.6 per cent; while FTCs in the services sector constituted 16.6 per cent (Table 2). • Japan, the United States of America (USA) and Germany remained the top three countries contributing to the technical collaborations in the Indian entities (Table 3). • Around 61 per cent of FTCs involved technology know-how transfer by the foreign collaborators and 8 per cent FTCs were for use of trademarks / brand names (Table 4). • Royalty payments, inclusive both royalty and lump sum technical fees, was the payment mode for around two-thirds of FTCs (Table 5). • Of the 601 reported FTC agreements, 187 had export restriction clauses and 188 FTC had provision for exclusive rights on assets transferred (Tables 6 and 8). • Manufacturing sector had the highest share in value of production among the FTC companies. Within manufacturing, motor vehicles sector had the largest share (Table 9). • The exports of the FTC reporting entities grew at a faster pace (20.3 per cent) as compared to the imports (4.6 per cent) in 2024-25 - they had 17.7 per cent and 18.6 per cent shares, respectively, in the total value of production (Tables 10 and 11). 1 The results of the fourteenth round of the Survey on Foreign Collaboration in Indian Industry for the period 2021-2023 were released on the RBI website on October 31, 2023.2 • Average profitability of FTC reporting companies, measured by the ratio of gross profit to capital employed, stood at 14.4 per cent in the current survey round (Table 12). Ajit Prasad Press Release: 2025-2026/1615 Deputy General Manager (Communications)3 Table 1: Group-wise number of entities having Foreign Technical Collaboration (FTC): 2023-25 Company Group Number of Companies Foreign Subsidiary 174 Foreign Associate 53 Pure Technical Collaboration 8 Others (Foreign Equity less than 10 per cent or only outward investment) 20 Total 255 Table 2: Industry-wise Distribution of Agreements of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round Indu stry (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) Number % in Total Number % in Total A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied activities 6 0.9 2 0.3 B. Mining & Quarrying - - - - C. Manufacturing 529 78.4 471 78.4 Food Products 2 0.3 1 0.2 Beverages and Tobacco products 1 0.2 - - Textiles 1 0.2 1 0.2 Wearing Apparel 2 0.3 - - Leather & related products 1 0.1 1 0.2 Wood & products of wood and cork, except furniture - - - - Printing and reproduction of recorded media - - - - Coke and refined petroleum products 4 0.6 4 0.6 Chemicals and chemical products 46 6.8 44 7.3 Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products 6 0.9 17 2.8 Rubber and plastics products 25 3.7 17 2.8 Other Non-metallic mineral products 10 1.5 10 1.7 Manufacture of basic metals - - 1 0.2 Fabricated metal products; except machinery and equipment 11 1.6 8 1.3 Computer, electronic and optical products 5 0.7 3 0.5 Electrical equipment 21 3.1 22 3.7 Machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified 93 13.8 123 20.5 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 76 11.3 61 10.1 Other transport equipment 29 4.3 4 0.7 Other manufacturing 196 29.0 154 25.6 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 3 0.4 1 0.2 E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 1 0.2 1 0.2 F. Construction 21 3.1 26 4.3 G. Services 114 17.0 100 16.6 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 8 1.2 motorcycles 22 3.7 Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 14 2.1 10 1.7 Accommodation and Food service activities - - 2 0.3 Information and communication 7 1.0 34 5.6 Financial and insurance activities 14 2.1 3 0.5 Real estate activities 1 0.2 - - Scientific research and development 1 0.2 23 3.8 Other service activities 69 10.2 6 1.0 Total 674 100.0 601 100.0 Note: 1. Components may not add up to the total due to rounding off. 2. – : Nil / negligible. (These are applicable for all tables)4 Table 3: Country-wise Distribution of Agreements of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round Cou ntry (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) Number % in Total Number % in Total Japan 236 35.0 210 34.9 United States of America 87 12.9 74 12.3 Germany 73 10.8 64 10.7 South Korea 41 6.1 59 9.8 Italy 29 4.3 22 3.7 France 29 4.3 21 3.5 United Kingdom 20 3.0 20 3.3 Switzerland 18 2.7 13 2.2 Singapore 9 1.3 12 2.0 Others* 132 19.6 106 17.6 Total 674 100.0 601 100.0 * ‘Others’ include countries with less than nine FTC agreements reported in the current survey round. Table 4: Distribution of Agreements According to Type of Assets Transferred of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round Asset tra nsferred (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) Number % in Total Number % in Total Know-how 377 55.9 365 60.7 Trademark/ Brand Name 76 11.3 48 8.0 Patent 8 1.2 2 0.3 Others (Including combination of above) 213 31.6 186 31.0 Total 674 100.0 601 100.0 Table 5: Distribution of Agreements According to Mode of Payment of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round Mode of Payment (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) Number % in Total Number % in Total Royalty 299 44.4 241 40.1 Lump sum technical fees 68 10.0 38 6.3 Both Royalty and Lump-sum 177 26.3 158 26.3 technical fees Others * 130 19.3 164 27.3 Total 674 100.0 601 100.0 * Others include other modes of payment (other than royalty and lump-sum technical fess) for dividend; import of machinery and raw materials; technical support fees; training, communication and advertising and other similar remittances.5 Table 6: Industry-wise Agreements with Exports Restrictive Clauses of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) No. of % of No. of % of Agreements Agreements Agreements Agreements Industry Total no. of Total no. of with Export with Export with Export with Export Agreements Agreements restrictive Restrictive restrictive Restrictive clauses Clauses clauses Clauses A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and 6 1 16.7 2 - - Allied activities B. Mining & Quarrying - - - - - - C. Manufacturing 529 180 34.0 471 173 36.7 Food Products 2 1 50.0 1 1 100.0 Beverages and Tobacco products 1 - - - - - Textiles 1 - - 1 - - Wearing Apparel 2 - - - - - Leather & related products 1 - - 1 - - Wood & products of wood and cork, - - - - - - except furniture Printing and reproduction of recorded - - - - - - media Coke and refined petroleum products 4 2 50.0 4 2 50.0 Chemicals and chemical products 46 8 17.4 44 5 11.4 Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and 6 3 50.0 17 6 35.3 botanical products Rubber and plastics products 25 5 20.0 17 1 5.9 Other Non-metallic mineral products 10 8 80.0 10 10 100.0 Manufacture of basic metals - - - 1 - - Fabricated metal products; except 11 1 9.1 8 2 25.0 machinery and equipment Computer, electronic and optical products 5 1 20.0 3 1 33.3 Electrical equipment 21 - - 22 10 45.5 Machinery and equipment not elsewhere 93 35 37.6 123 45 36.6 classified Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 76 27 35.5 61 29 47.5 Other transport equipment 29 12 41.4 4 2 50.0 Other manufacturing 196 77 39.3 154 59 38.3 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air 3 - - 1 1 100.0 conditioning supply E. Water supply; sewerage, waste 1 - - 1 - - management and remediation activities F. Construction 21 11 52.4 26 11 42.3 G. Services 114 6 5.3 100 2 2.0 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor 8 - - 22 - - vehicles and motorcycles Repair and installation of machinery and 14 1 7.1 10 1 10.0 equipment Accommodation and Food service - - - 2 - - activities Information and communication 7 - - 34 - - Financial and insurance activities 14 1 7.1 3 1 33.3 Real estate activities 1 - - - - - Scientific research and development 1 - - 23 - - Other service activities 69 4 5.8 6 - - Total 674 198 29.4 601 187 31.16 Table 7: Country-wise Distribution of Agreements with Exports Restrictive Clauses of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) No. of % of No. of % of Country Agreements Agreement Agreements Agreement Total no. of Total no. of with Export with Export with Export with Export Agreements Agreements restrictive Restrictive restrictive Restrictive clauses Clauses clauses Clauses Japan 236 99 41.9 210 110 52.4 United States of 87 25 28.7 74 17 23.0 America Germany 73 16 21.9 64 12 18.8 South Korea 41 8 19.5 59 9 15.3 Italy 29 7 24.1 22 9 40.9 France 29 3 10.3 21 4 19.0 United Kingdom 20 5 25.0 20 4 20.0 Switzerland 18 5 27.8 13 3 23.1 Singapore 9 1 11.1 12 0 - Others 132 29 22.0 106 19 17.9 Total 674 198 29.4 601 187 31.17 Table 8: Industry-wise Agreements with Provision of Exclusive Rights of FTC Companies Fourteenth Round Fifteenth Round (2021-22 to 2022-23) (2023-24 to 2024-25) No. of No. of Industry Agreements % in Total Total Agreements % in Total Total no. of with No of Number of with no. of Agreements Exclusive Agreements Agreements Exclusive Agreements Rights Rights A. Agriculture-related, Plantation 6 5 83.3 2 - - and Allied activities B. Mining & Quarrying - - - - - - C. Manufacturing 529 178 33.6 471 163 34.6 Food Products 2 2 100.0 1 1 100.0 Beverages and Tobacco products 1 - - - - - Textiles 1 1 100.0 1 1 100.0 Wearing Apparel 2 - - - - - Leather & related products 1 - - 1 - - Wood & products of wood and cork, - - - - - - except furniture Printing and reproduction of recorded - - - - - - media Coke and refined petroleum products 4 2 50.0 4 1 25.0 Chemicals and chemical products 46 19 41.3 44 9 20.5 Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical 6 2 33.3 17 3 17.6 and botanical products Rubber and plastics products 25 12 48.0 17 7 41.2 Other Non-metallic mineral products 10 7 70.0 10 10 100.0 Manufacture of basic metals - - - 1 - - Fabricated metal products; except 11 2 18.2 8 1 12.5 machinery and equipment Computer, electronic and optical 5 3 60.0 3 1 33.3 products Electrical equipment 21 7 33.3 22 13 59.1 Machinery and equipment not 93 31 33.3 123 65 52.8 elsewhere classified Motor vehicles, trailers and semi- 76 28 36.8 61 25 41.0 trailers Other transport equipment 29 16 55.2 4 3 75.0 Other manufacturing 196 46 23.5 154 23 14.9 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air 3 1 33.3 1 - - conditioning supply E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation 1 - - 1 - - activities F. Construction 21 12 57.1 26 11 42.3 G. Services 114 21 18.4 100 14 14.0 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of 8 3 37.5 22 3 13.6 motor vehicles and motorcycles Repair and installation of machinery 14 6 42.9 10 4 40.0 and equipment Accommodation and Food service - - - 2 2 100.0 activities Information and communication 7 4 57.1 34 3 8.8 Financial and insurance activities 14 2 14.3 3 - - Real estate activities 1 1 100.0 - - - Scientific research and development 1 - - 23 1 4.3 Other service activities 69 5 7.2 6 1 16.7 Total 674 217 32.2 601 188 31.38 Table 9: Industry-wise Share in value of Production of FTC Companies (amount in ₹ crore) Value of Production Annual Share in Industry Growth VoP 2023-24 2024-25 (per cent) (2024-25) A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied activities 2,292 2,163 -5.6 0.3 B. Mining & Quarrying - - - - C. Manufacturing 4,13,115 4,34,357 5.1 69.4 Food Products 98 43 -56.1 - Beverages and Tobacco products - - - - Textiles 136 140 2.9 - Wearing Apparel - - - - Leather & related products 180 187 3.9 - Wood & products of wood and cork, except furniture - - - - Printing and reproduction of recorded media - - - - Coke and refined petroleum products 3,677 4,210 14.5 0.7 Chemicals and chemical products 19,766 20,080 1.6 3.2 Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical 1,431 1,631 14.0 0.3 products Rubber and plastics products 2,737 3,021 10.4 0.5 Other Non-metallic mineral products 2,516 2,625 4.3 0.4 Manufacture of basic metals 47 65 38.3 - Fabricated metal products; except machinery and 1.3 0.4 equipment 2,661 2,696 Computer, electronic and optical products 334 300 -10.2 0.1 Electrical equipment 33,685 39,949 18.6 6.4 Machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified 21,084 21,439 1.7 3.4 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 1,88,070 1,94,401 3.4 31.0 Other transport equipment 37,650 40,965 8.8 6.6 Other manufacturing 99,043 1,02,605 3.6 16.4 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 171 159 -7.0 - E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and 1 - -100.0 - remediation activities F. Construction 1,31,321 1,48,334 13.0 23.7 G. Services 44,118 41,325 -6.3 6.6 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 1,969 1,429 -27.4 0.2 motorcycles Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 1,419 1,480 4.3 0.2 Accommodation and Food service activities 108 100 -7.4 - Information and communication 35,330 31,019 -12.2 5.0 Financial and insurance activities 2,948 3,360 14.0 0.6 Real estate activities - - - - Scientific research and development 181 208 14.9 - Other service activities 2,163 3,729 72.4 0.6 Total 5,91,018 6,26,338 6.0 100.09 Table 10: Industry-wise Export of FTC Companies (amount in ₹ crore) Exports Annual % Share in Industry Growth Exports 2023-24 2024-25 (per cent) (2024-25) A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied activities 25 6 -76.0 - B. Mining & Quarrying - - - - C. Manufacturing 51,920 54,214 4.4 48.9 Food Products 102 37 -63.7 - Beverages and Tobacco products - - - - Textiles 123 125 1.6 0.1 Wearing Apparel - - - - Leather & related products 180 183 1.7 0.2 Wood & products of wood and cork, except furniture - - - - Printing and reproduction of recorded media - - - - Coke and refined petroleum products 210 349 66.2 0.3 Chemicals and chemical products 2,222 2,230 0.4 2.0 Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products 475 732 54.1 0.7 Rubber and plastics products 340 315 -7.4 0.3 Other Non-metallic mineral products 11 10 -9.1 - Manufacture of basic metals 3 4 33.3 - Fabricated metal products; except machinery and equipment 182 212 16.5 0.2 Computer, electronic and optical products 108 37 -65.7 - Electrical equipment 3,776 3,996 5.8 3.6 Machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified 2,665 2,562 -3.9 2.3 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 28,896 30,709 6.3 27.7 Other transport equipment 1,529 2,238 46.4 2.0 Other manufacturing 11,098 10,475 -5.6 9.5 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 42 30 -28.6 - E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and - remediation activities 1 - - F. Construction 26,319 40,970 55.7 37.0 G. Services 13,900 15,673 12.8 14.1 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 992 1,255 26.5 1.1 Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 60 33 -45.0 - Accommodation and Food service activities - - - - Information and communication 11,684 13,445 15.1 12.1 Financial and insurance activities - - - - Real estate activities - - - - Scientific research and development 3 4 33.3 - Other service activities 1,163 936 -19.5 0.9 Total 92,207 1,10,893 20.3 100.010 Table 11: Industry-wise Imports of FTC Companies (amount in ₹ crore) Imports Annual Share in Industry Growth Imports 2023-24 2024-25 (per cent) (2024-25) A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied - 3 - - activities B. Mining & Quarrying - - - - C. Manufacturing 93,847 95,802 2.1 82.3 Food Products 2 2 - - Beverages and Tobacco products - - - - Textiles 30 30 - - Wearing Apparel - - - - Leather & related products 50 67 34.0 0.1 Wood & products of wood and cork, except furniture - - - - Printing and reproduction of recorded media - - - - Coke and refined petroleum products 787 834 6.0 0.7 Chemicals and chemical products 4,637 4,643 0.1 4.0 Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical 543 865 59.3 0.7 products Rubber and plastics products 362 403 11.3 0.4 Other Non-metallic mineral products 600 630 5.0 0.5 Manufacture of basic metals 14 20 42.9 - Fabricated metal products; except machinery and 100 189 89.0 0.2 equipment Computer, electronic and optical products 260 88 -66.2 0.1 Electrical equipment 7,116 8,301 16.7 7.1 Machinery and equipment not elsewhere classified 4,723 5,429 14.9 4.7 Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 24,308 22,618 -7.0 19.4 Other transport equipment 1,552 1,784 14.9 1.5 Other manufacturing 48,763 49,899 2.3 42.9 D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 11 13 18.2 - supply E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and - - - - remediation activities F. Construction 6,553 8,963 36.8 7.7 G. Services 10,867 11,651 7.2 10.0 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and 1,094 1,277 16.7 1.1 motorcycles Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 467 458 -1.9 0.4 Accommodation and Food service activities - - - - Information and communication 9,029 9,666 7.1 8.3 Financial and insurance activities - - - - Real estate activities - - - - Scientific research and development 4 5 25.0 - Other service activities 273 245 -10.3 0.2 Total 1,11,278 1,16,432 4.6 100.011 Table 12: Profitability Ratio of FTC Companies Gross Profit to Capital ratio (per cent) Survey Round Year Financial Year Survey Average 2010-11 9.8 Ninth round (244) 10.0 2011-12 10.1 2012-13 17.0 Tenth Round (303) 14.8 2013-14 12.6 2014-15 17.3 Eleventh Round (306) 17.9 2015-16 18.5 2016-17 14.6 Twelfth Round (334) 16.0 2017-18 17.4 2019-20 14.6 Thirteenth Round (481) 11.5 2020-21 8.4 2021-22 10.5 Fourteenth Round (356) 10.5 2022-23 10.4 2023-24 14.2 Fifteenth Round (255) 14.4 2024-25 14.5 Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of reporting FTC companies.