**Summary:**
In June 2025, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) conducted an Independent Drive Test (IDT) to assess mobile network quality across the Jammu Kashmir Licensed Service Area (LSA), with a focus on Leh City and highway routes connecting Leh to Nubra Valley, Nubra Valley to Pangong, and Pangong to Leh. The tests, supervised by the TRAI Regional Office, Delhi, evaluated 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G technologies across urban zones, institutional hotspots, public transport hubs, and high-speed corridors.
Key parameters assessed included voice and data service performance. For voice services, the Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) for Airtel, BSNL, and RJIL in autoselection mode (5G/4G/3G/2G) were 57.11%, 47.03%, and 49.78%, respectively. The Drop Call Rate (DCR) for Airtel, BSNL, and RJIL in the same mode were 9.70%, 4.67%, and 7.17%, respectively. Call Setup Time (CST) was 1.90 seconds for Airtel, 4.36 seconds for BSNL, and 1.56 seconds for RJIL. Call Silence Rate for Airtel, BSNL, and RJIL were 6.82, 4.97, and 14.18 respectively in packet switched network 4G/5G. The Mean Opinion Score (MOS) averaged 3.81 for Airtel, 2.53 for BSNL, and 3.56 for RJIL.
Data service performance showed average download speeds of 95.39 Mbps for Airtel (5G/4G/2G), 2.62 Mbps for BSNL (4G/3G/2G), and 144.09 Mbps for RJIL (5G/4G). Average upload speeds were 16.59 Mbps for Airtel, 4.06 Mbps for BSNL, and 13.99 Mbps for RJIL. Latency (50th percentile) was 23.30 ms for Airtel, 37.65 ms for BSNL, and 15.40 ms for RJIL. Hotspot data performance varied, with Airtel achieving download speeds of 37.08 Mbps (4G) and 152.00 Mbps (5G), while RJIL reached 15.53 Mbps (4G) and 275.60 Mbps (5G).
The drive tests covered 41.3 km of city routes, 302 km of highway routes, 5 hotspot locations, and 2 km of walk tests, including assessments in Leh's high-density neighborhoods, key institutions, and the Leh Market. Highway corridors from Leh to Nubra Valley, Nubra Valley to Pangong, and Pangong to Leh were also evaluated.
The detailed report is available on the TRAI website (www.trai.gov.in). For clarifications, contact Shri Vivek Khare, Advisor, Regional Office, Delhi TRAI, at adv.ca@trai.gov.in or Tel. No. 911120907772.
Key Entities Referenced
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India: The regulatory body that released the Independent Drive Test (IDT) findings.
Leh City: City in Ladakh, India where network quality assessment was conducted.
Nubra Valley: A valley in Ladakh, India included in the highway route assessment.
Pangong: A lake area in Ladakh, India included in the highway route assessment.
Jammu Kashmir: Licensed Service Area (LSA) for which the IDT findings were released.
Airtel: One of the Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) whose network performance was assessed.
BSNL: One of the Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) whose network performance was assessed.
RJIL: One of the Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) whose network performance was assessed.
Ministry of Communications
TRAI Assesses Network Quality Across Leh City and
Highway Route from Leh to Nubra Valley, Nubra
Valley to Pangong and Pangong to Leh
Posted On: 04 AUG 2025 12:20PM by PIB Delhi
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released its Independent Drive Test (IDT) findings for the
Jammu & Kashmir Licensed Service Area (LSA), covering extensive City/Highway routes during the month
of June 2025. The drive tests, conducted under the supervision of the TRAI Regional Office, Delhi, were
designed to capture real-world mobile network performance across diverse usage environments ā Urban
Zones, Institutional Hotspots, Public Transport Hubs, and high-speed Corridors.
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Between 10 June 2025 to 12 June 2025, TRAI teams conducted detailed tests across 41.3 kms
of City Drive Test, 302 kms of Highway Drive Test, 5 Hotspot locations and 2 kms of Walk Test.
Technologies evaluated included 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G, reflecting the service experience of users
across multiple handset capabilities. The findings of IDT have already been intimated to all the
TSPs concerned.
Key Parameters Assessed:
a) Voice Services: Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR), Drop Call Rate (DCR), Call Setup Time, Call Silence
Rate, Speech Quality (MOS), Coverage.
b) Data Services: Download/Upload Throughput, Latency, Jitter, Packet Drop Rate, and Video Streaming
Delay.
Call Setup Success Rate: Airtel, BSNL and RJIL have call setup success rate of 57.11%, 47.03% and
49.78% respectively in Auto-selection mode (5G/4G/3G/2G).
Drop Call Rate: Airtel, BSNL and RJIL have drop call rate of 9.70%, 4.67% and 7.17% respectively in
Auto-selection mode (5G/4G/3G/2G).
Performance against key QoS parametersCSSR: Call Setup Success Rate (in %), CST: Call Setup Time (in seconds), DCR: Drop Call Rate (in %) &
MOS: Mean Opinion Score.
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Summary-Data services
Data Download performance (Overall): Average download speed of Airtel (5G/4G/2G) is 95.39 Mbps, BSNL
(4G/3G/2G) is 2.62 Mbps and RJIL (5G/4G) is 144.09 Mbps.
Data Upload performance (Overall): Average upload speed of Airtel (5G/4G/2G) is 16.59 Mbps, BSNL (4G/3G/2G) is
4.06 Mbps and RJIL (5G/4G) is 13.99 Mbps.
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Latency ā 50 Percentile (Overall):
Airtel ā 23.30 ms
BSNL ā 37.65 ms
RJIL ā 15.40 ms
Data performance - Hotspots (in Mbps):
Airtel- 4G D/L: 37.08 4G U/L: 13.29
5G D/L: 152.00 5G U/L: 26.45
BSNL- 4G D/L: 2.29 4G U/L: 6.55
RJIL- 4G D/L: 15.53 4G U/L: 4.08
5G D/L: 275.60 5G U/L: 32.73
Note- āD/Lā Download speed, āU/Lā Upload speed
In Leh, the assessment included high-density neighbourhoods like Choglamsar, Spituk and Yurtung etc. TRAI
also evaluated real-world conditions at EJM College, Lamdon School, Leh Airport, Shanti Stupa and SNM
Hospital to reflect stationary user experience.th
The walk test, conducted on 12 June 2025 in Leh City, focused on, Leh Market, capturing mobile
network behaviour in crowded pedestrian environments.
The Leh to Nubra Valley highway corridor, a high-speed mobility stretches passing through North
Pullu, Khardung, Khalsar and Hunder etc., and Nubra Valley to Pangong passing through Shyok,
Durbuk, Tangtse, Spangmik, Man and Merak etc., and Pangong to Leh passing through Tsoltak,
Zingral, Karu, Thiksey and Shey etc., was also assessed to reflect mobile experience in high-speed
transit.
The tests were conducted using TRAI suggested equipment and standardised protocols in real-time
environments. The detailed report is available at TRAI website www.trai.gov.in. For any
clarification/information, Shri Vivek Khare, Advisor (Regional Office, Delhi) TRAI may be contacted
on email: adv.ca@trai.gov.in or at Tel. No. +91-11-20907772.
****
Samrat/Allen
(Release ID: 2152040)