**Executive Summary**
This document outlines the Indian Judiciary's efforts to integrate AI-based digital content into judicial processes to address the challenges posed by manipulated digital material. It details the measures undertaken, including legislative amendments, strengthening of electronic record authentication, and the eCourts Mission Mode project, which has a budget outlay of ₹7210 crore. The project is currently in a controlled pilot phase with the implementation of tools like LegRAA and Digital Courts 2.1.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Addressing Digital Content Manipulation:**
* Cases involving morphed or fabricated digital content are being filed under the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.
* Legislative amendments and strengthening of electronic record authentication procedures are in place.
* **eCourts Mission Mode Project:**
* Phase-III has an outlay of ₹7210 crore for ICT implementation in the Indian Judiciary.
* ₹53.57 crore is earmarked for "Future Technological Advancements(AI, Blockchain etc)"
* Aims to transform the judicial system using ICT for enhanced productivity, accessibility, and transparency.
* **AI Integration:**
* The Supreme Court of India has formed an Artificial Intelligence Committee.
* AI-based solutions are currently in a controlled pilot phase.
* No formal AI policy or guidelines exist yet.
* Awareness of key challenges: algorithmic bias, language/translation issues, data privacy/security.
* **Oversight and Tools:**
* A Sub-Committee of six High Court judges with technical experts formed to recommend secure AI implementation.
* Legal Research Analysis Assistant (LegRAA) developed to aid judges in legal research and document analysis.
* Digital Courts 2.1 designed to assist judges with case-related information and tasks, including voice-to-text (ASR-SHRUTI) and translation (PANINI) functionalities.
* **Current Status:**
* The eCommittee of the Supreme Court of India reports no systemic bias, unintended content, or other issues in the pilot phase.
**Impact Analysis**
**Judges and Judicial Officers**
* **Impact:** Enhanced access to case-related information, research tools, and assistance with order and judgment dictation.
* **Action Required:** Utilize the provided AI tools (LegRAA and Digital Courts 2.1) to improve efficiency in legal research, document analysis, and case management.
**Litigants and the Public**
* **Impact:** Increased transparency of court proceedings through live-streaming and accessible judgments on the Judgement Search Portal. Potential for more accessible, cost-effective, reliable, and transparent justice delivery.
* **Action Required:** None specified.
**Ministry of Law and Justice; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal**
* **Impact:** Responsible for providing the information regarding the use of AI based Digital Content in Judiciary.
* **Action Required:** Ongoing monitoring and support for the eCourts project to ensure successful implementation and address any emerging issues or biases related to AI use.
Key Entities Referenced
eCourts Mission Mode project: A national eGovernance Plan aimed at transforming the Indian judicial system using Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
Information Technology Act, 2000: The primary law under which cases related to digital content are filed in courts.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: Covers offenses related to cheating by personation, electronic forgery and related falsification of records.
Supreme Court of India: Constituted Artificial Intelligence Committee and its eCommittee is overseeing AI adoption in judiciary
Ministry of Law and Justice: The ministry under which AI based content in judiciary is being implemented.
Ministry of Law and Justice
Use of AI Based Digital Content in Judiciary
प्रव तथ: 05 DEC 2025 1:52PM by PIB Delhi
Cases related to morphed or fabricated digital contentarefiled in courtsunder the Information Technology
Act, 2000covering offenses like identity theft (Section 66C), cheating by personation using computer
resources (Section 66D),publishing or transmitting obscene or harmful digital material (Sections 67, 67A
and 67B) etc. Cases are also registered under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023covering offences relating to
cheating by personation (Section 319), electronic forgery and related falsification of records (Section 336)
and forgery of electronic records (Section 340). While dealing with such cases, the judiciary has
recognised the growing risk posed by manipulated digital material and its potential impact on public
perception.
Several measures have been undertaken to address these concerns, including the introduction of various
amendments to the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the enactment of new criminal laws in 2023. In
addition, procedures for the authentication and admissibility of electronic records have been strengthened
under Section 63 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which mandates electronic record
authentication certificatesfor establishing the authenticity of digital evidence.
Further, as part of the eCourts Mission Mode project, a large number of the court proceedings are being
live-streamed to enhance transparency. Authentic copies of court judgements are made available on the
Judgement Search Portal to ensure accessibility and reliability of judicial decisions.
As part of the National eGovernance Plan, Phase-III of the eCourts Mission Mode project with an outlay
of Rs 7210 crore is under implementation for ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in the
Indian Judiciary. Its vision is to transform the judicial system with Information and Communication
Technology enablement of courts and to enhance the judicial productivity, both qualitatively &
quantitatively, making the justice delivery system accessible, cost effective, reliable, and transparent.
Under eCourts Project Phase III, an amount of Rs. 53.57 crore has been earmarked for the component
“Future Technological Advancements(AI, Blockchain etc)”to integrate modern technologies for smoother
user experience.The Supreme Court of India constituted Artificial Intelligence Committee to explore the
use of AI in the judicial domain.However, no formal policy or guidelines exist for adopting AI tools in
judicial processes, as AI-based solutions remain in the controlled pilot phaseand authorities use AI only
within the areas approved in the DPR of eCourts Phase III.
Judiciary is aware that integrating AI into judicial processes poses key challenges such as algorithmic
bias, language and translation issues, data privacy and security concerns, and the need for manual
verification of AI-generated outputs. The Chairperson of the eCommittee, Supreme Court of India has
formed a Sub-Committee of six High Court judges with technical experts to recommend secureconnectivity and authentication mechanism for data and privacy protection, assess the digital
infrastructure and service delivery systems under the eCourts Project to strengthen data security.
An AI based software tool called Legal Research Analysis Assistant [LegRAA] has been developed to aid
judges in legal research and document analysis. Another AI based tool called Digital Courts 2.1 has been
designed to assist Hon'ble Judges and Judicial Officers by providing a single window for managing all
case-related information and tasks. The platform includes voice-to-text (ASR-SHRUTI) and translation
(PANINI) functionalities to assist the judges with order and judgment dictation.At present, in the pilot
phase of AI based solutions, the eCommittee of the Supreme Court of India reports no systemic bias,
unintended content, or other issues.
This information was given by the Minister of State (Independent Charge) of the Ministry of Law and
Justice; and Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal in Lok
Sabha today.
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