CAR SECTION 7, FLIGHT CREW STANDARDS TRAINING AND LICENSING SERIES 'B' PART XIX ISSUE III - Requirement for undergoing Endorsement Training on aeroplanes used for Scheduled, Non-Scheduled and General Aviation Operations

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION OPP. SAFDARJUNG AIRPORT, NEW DELHI-110 003 CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 - FLIGHT CREW STANDARDS TRAINING AND LICENSING SERIES 'B' PART XIX ISSUE III, xxxxxxxx EFFECTIVE: FORTHWITH File No. DGCA-22024/7/2022-FSD Subject: Requirement for undergoing Endorsement Training on aeroplanes used for Scheduled, Non-Scheduled and General Aviation Operations Purpose: 1.1 Rule 41 of The Aircraft Rules, 1937 requires applicants for licenses and ratings to produce proof of having acquired the flying experience and having passed satisfactorily the test and examinations specified in Schedule II in respect of the license or rating concerned. 1.2 In order to standardize and streamline the process, this Civil Aviation Requirement provides the basic guidelines for pilots to undertake type rating training in various Approved Training Organisation (ATO) & operator with ATRP approvals for Scheduled, Non-Scheduled and General Aviation Operations. 1.3 The relevant rules and CAR’s shall be complied with for the issue of licenses and Ratings. 1.4 This Civil Aviation Requirement has been issued under the provisions of Rule 133A of The Aircraft Rules 1937. 1.5 With the issuance of this CAR, the requirement of issuance of No Objection Certificate (NOC) by Flight Standards Directorate (FSD) of DGCA is hereby dispensed with. 1CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX 2. Applicability: 2.1 The provisions of this CAR shall apply to all Pilot License Holders for undertaking type rating training at any ATO in India or in any ICAO Contracting state and to operators with ATRP approval. 2.2 This CAR contains important information for both the applicant (trainee Pilot) as well as the /ATO. 2.3 The Pilot endorsement training syllabus is being issued to comply with the provisions of “CAR, Section 7, Series ‘G’, Part I, July, 1999–Requirements for issue of Indian licenses and aircraft ratings to pilots holding licenses and aircraft ratings issued by contracting states” for issue of pilot’s licenses. 2.4 The pre-requisites or requirements shall be met, before undergoing the type training by both the Trainee Pilot and the ATO / Organization providing the training. 3. Acronyms; ATO Approved Training Organization ATRP Airline Type Rating Programme CBT Computer Based Training CCQ Cross Crew Qualification CRM Crew Resource Management CTR Common Type Rating Difference A designated level of difference as defined in CS-FCD for the evaluation of pilot Level training, checking and currency FFS Full Flight Simulator FSB Flight Standardization Board FSTD Flight Simulation Training Device LVO Low Visibility Operations MTOW Maximum Take Off Weight MPA Multi-Pilot Aeroplane NAA National Aviation Authority PPC Pilot Proficiency Check OPS Operations OSD Operational Suitability Data PF Pilot Flying PFD Primary Flight Display PIC Pilot In Command PM Pilot Monitoring Route Sector Flight comprising take-off, departure, cruise of not less than 15 minutes, arrival, approach and landing. 2CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX SFE Synthetic Flight Examiner SFI Synthetic Flight Instructor SOP Standard Operating Procedure TRE Type Rating Examiner TRI Type Rating Instructor ZFTT Zero Flight Time Training 4. Definitions 4.1 “Approved training” means any training the curriculum of which has been approved by the Director-General. 4.2 “Approved training organization (ATO)” means an organization approved by and operating under the supervision of a Contracting State in accordance with the requirements of Annex 1 to perform approved training. Note: The Contracting State is required to ensure that the ATO is included in the State’s ongoing safety oversight programme. 4.3 "Approved" means accepted by the Director-General as suitable for a particular purpose. 4.4 "Contracting State" means any State which is for the time being a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation concluded at Chicago on December 7, 1944, and any amendment which may be made thereto under the provisions of Article 94 thereof. 4.5 “Endorsement” with respect to a licence means an entry in the licence indicating the privileges which the licence holder is entitled to exercise, including any observation impacting the exercise of such privileges. 4.6 “Flight Simulator” means a device which provides an accurate representation of the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic and the like, aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristics of that type of aircraft are realistically simulated. 4.7 “Flight Simulation Training Device” means a Full Flight Simulator, Flight Training Device, Flight Navigation Procedures Trainers or Basic Instrument Flight Trainer in which flight conditions are simulated on the ground. 4.8 “Foreign ATO” means an approved training organization (ATO) located outside of India. 4.9 “Gas Turbine” means an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid to drive a turbine. 3CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 ND SERIES B PART XIX 22 MARCH 2012 4.10 "Licence" means a licence issued under The Aircraft Rules, 1937. 4.11 "Operator" means a person, organisation or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in aircraft operation. 4.12 "Rating" means an authorization entered on a licence and forming part thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence. 4.13 "Type of aircraft" means all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those modifications which result in a change in handing or flight characteristics. 4.14 "Type rating" means a rating for each type of aircraft. 5. General Requirements: 5.1 The Training Institute / facility and its simulators shall be approved by the State Regulatory Authority of concerned ICAO Contracting State. Prior to commencement of training, the ATO / operator with ATRP approval shall ensure that the training requirements are accomplished and required documents are submitted on completion of type rating course in accordance with this CAR to the Director of Training and Licensing, DGCA. 5.2 The license and medical of the trainee pilot need not be current and valid during the training and checks on simulators, however the medical must be current for skill tests and all training/checks on aeroplane. 5.3 The trainee pilot shall pass both the DGCA technical specific and performance (if applicable) examination or the ATO examination authorised by the regulatory authority of the relevant contracting state. The trainee pilot should have passed all requisite written examinations before commencement of the FSTD and that must be valid during entire training and checks. 5.4 Where training is done overseas, Ground and simulator training shall be completed in the same ATO. If the trainee wishes to undertake ground training at a different ATO prior permission shall be obtained from DGCA (FSD) which will only be considered when ground/Simulator training facilities do not exist in India. In such case the trainee shall pass the DGCA technical examinations. 4CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX 5.5 Skill tests (Day/Night) and IR/PPC Check (CA 40/41) forms as applicable shall be used, which is available on the DGCA web site. (www.dgca.gov.in ) 5.6 The skill tests of the trainee pilot shall be carried out by an Examiner, other than those who had imparted the training. Note: Examiners shall not conduct skill tests or assessments of competence of candidates for the issue of a licence, rating, or certificate to whom they have provided more than 25 % of the required flight instruction for the licence, rating or certificate for which the skill test or assessment of competence is being taken. 5.7 Training and checks must be carried out with State Regulatory Authority Approved Instructor(s) and Examiner(s) only 5.8 The type rating training shall be conducted as per the syllabus stipulated in Appendix A of this CAR. 5.9 In case of any clarification is required, please contact FSD DGCA. 5CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX 6. Responsibility of Submission of documents for endorsement: 6.1 The Operator shall provide a consolidated single document of all training documents to DGCA, PEL FCL at ‘dtl1.dgca@nic.in or dtl1.dgca@gov.in’ to verify the authenticity of the documents & training undertaken or via eGCA Portal. (eGCA info added) 6.2 The applicant shall upload the following original documents on the eGCA portal. a. Ground training & tests records. b. Training reports (session wise) of simulator/aeroplane training, tests, and checks, including any additional/remedial training imparted. c. Valid State Regulatory Authority approval of ATO. d. Proof for validity of the Instructor/Examiner as applicable. e. State Regulatory Authority qualification certificate for all FSTDs used in the training program. f. All other documents required in accordance with the Aeroplane Rules of 1937 and CAR for the purpose of endorsement. 7. The syllabus for various Aeroplanes has been standardized. Appendix A describes the quantum of type rating training applicable to different type of aeroplanes. 8. Credit towards reduced/shortened type ratings shall be as per the OSD,Flight Crew(FC) document for the relevant type of aeroplane and shall be approved from FSD, DGCA. Faiz Ahmed Kidwai Director General of Civil Aviation 6CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX APPENDIX A Jet Aeroplanes > 5,700 Kgs such as: i) A 320 family I A 330/ A 340/ A 350/ A 380. Group A ii) B 737 family, B747/ B757/ B777/ B787. iii) Embraer 135/145 and above iv) CRJ (Bombardier CRJ Family) Turbo Prop Aeroplanes >5,700 Kgs such as: i) ATR family Group B ii) Q400 (DHC-Q400) iii) SKA 350 iv) Dornier Do 228,Hindustan HAL Do - 228 Jet Aeroplanes < 5,700 Kgs (which are not specified in Group A) such as: i) Challenger Group C ii) Gulf Stream iii) Global iv) Falcon v) Citation vi) Embraer Phenom series Note 1: This list of aeroplanes given above is only indicative and by no means exhaustive. For any clarification on the matter, please contact FSD, DGCA. Note 2: Credit towards reduced/shortened type ratings shall be as per the OSD, Flight Crew(FC) document for the relevant type of aeroplane and shall be approved from FSD, DGCA. Note 3: In cases where Operational Suitability Data (OSD) for a particular aircraft type or variant is not available or the submission has not been accepted by DGCA, the provisions and requirements stipulated in this CAR shall be applicable and complied with in full. 7CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX S.NO. TRAINING/CHECK DESCRIPTION OF GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C TRAINING/CHECK 1 Pre-requisite Minimum  CPL with IR Qualification Hours/License  The applicant will be required to follow Requirements the multi-engine requirements as laid down by OEM. 2 MCC/JIT Theoretical 12 Hours NA 12 Hours Knowledge FSTD Training 20 Hours 12 Hours 20 Hours (Minimum FTD Level 5) Note: The MCC/JIT Course is a one-time course and need not to be repeated for subsequent Type Ratings. Note: This syllabus is for MCC/JIT when combined with Type Rating. For Separate MCC Course, Refer Appendix B Theoretical 72 Hours 72 Hours 54 Hours Knowledge Notes: The Ground Training shall not be more than 06 hours in a day. As per Approved Type Rating training course which shall include a minimum of mandatory training elements of the OSD for the relevant type of aircraft. 3 Ground Training 72 Hours of Ground Training shall include Technical and performance training only. There should not be any FFS simulator Sessions during the ground training period. A “home study” is not approved and no credit shall be provided for the same. Credit for Computer-Based Training (CBT) shall be given as approved in the course. 8CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 DATE: XX XX XXXX SERIES B PART XIX Theoretical 05 Hours 05 Hours 05 Hours Knowledge (Initial UPRT Notes: UPRT Training) (UPRT) Upset Prevention and Recovery Training. Applicable prior to commencement of first type 4 rating only. UPRT simulator/aircraft training to be completed as per the training manual of DGCA approved ATO/operator with ATRP approval. UPRT ground and simulator syllabus shall be completed in the same ATO (If Approved) The training courses shall include UPRT theoretical knowledge and flight instruction related to the specificities of the relevant type, as defined in the relevant OSD. For ATOs without DGCA approval, the UPRT approval should be mentioned in the State Regulatory Authority approval of the ATO. In case of the ATO/operator with ATRP approval does not have UPRT compliant simulators, the individual may complete the UPRT syllabus in an alternate approved ATO. 5 UPRT FSTD TRAINING The advanced UPRT course shall be completed at an ATO and shall comprise at least: (1) preflight briefings and post flight debriefings; and (2) MINIMUM OF 3 hours of (1.5 PF and 1.5 PM) flight instruction with qualified instructor. 6 Examination Minimum 70% Pass marks. An exam on technical specific and performance subjects (if applicable) shall be conducted by the ATO / operator with ATRP approval on completion of Ground Training. The certified marked answer sheets and tests should be uploaded on the eGCA portal (Not applicable incase the trainee has passed the DGCA technical specific and performance examinations) 9CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 DATE: XX XX XXXX SERIES B PART XIX 08 08 08 Sessions Sessions Sessions Notes: FSTD training sessions to be undertaken after successful completion of all above. Each session, briefing and de-briefing will be of appropriate duration with a minimum as given in the OSD FC and as approved in OM/TPM. Only one session shall be scheduled on any calendar day. Training objective of each session shall be achieved, trainee shall be given appropriate 7 Simulator Training FSTD Training additional training till the minimum level of proficiency is achieved. The records of each simulator session with briefing and de-briefing remarks certified by the trainer and examiner. CRM and TEM are to be integrated into all practical exercises. Each Session shall be of at least 04 Hours, of which 02 hours shall be PF and 02 hours as PM. The OSD FC type rating footprint establishes the minimum training requirements which shall be met, and the ATO/Operator may increase the training footprint and get it approved as required. FFS credits will be given to FSTD minimum Level 5 or above (device must be approved by DGCA) or as defined by the OEM. FSTD used in place of FFS must accurately replicate the cockpit environment, operations and aero plane response. However, Minimum 06 sessions shall be conducted on FFS (Level D). Training Program shall be approved in the Operator’s OM/TPM. CBTA Curriculum As Per OM/TPM (If Approved) 10CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX 7 LOFT FSTD Training 01 Session 01 01 Session Session Notes; LOFT session as Pilot Flying (PF) on a minimum of Level “C/D” FFS. The requirement to conduct LOFT will be as per the OSD FC for the relevant type of aircraft, however, the ATO/Operator may include the same in the type rating footprint and get it approved as required 8 SKILL TEST FSTD Training 02 hours 02 hours 02 hours (D/N) (D/N) (D/N) Note: After completion of the above training, the trainee pilot shall undergo the indicated sessions of SKILL TEST DAY/NIGHT (with an examiner other than the one who imparted training. (Refer para 5.6) in a level “D” FFS. Check conducted on FSTD: One check of minimum 02 hours including Day and Night, both. IR PPC checks can be combined with skill test. Check conducted on Aeroplane: Two checks of minimum 01:30 hours by Day and 01:30 hours by Night. IR PPC checks can be combined with skill test by Night. Skill Test (D/N) is a mandatory regulatory requirement for the successful completion of type rating. 9 Other Training Ground All other training such as LVTO / ZFTT / Base Training/FSTD Training, Differences or Familiarization Training training, CRM, SEP, DGR training etc. that are required and relevant as per the existing guidelines in various CARs shall be completed before exercising the privileges of the rating. These trainings except Base Training (Aircraft Familiarization) may also be conducted before skill tests. 11CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX 10. A written exam shall be conducted by the TRTO / ATO Written Exam on Minimum of 70 % pass marks (or higher if completion of stipulated by TRTO / ATO / FTO Ground Training. The certified marked answer sheets and tests should be sent to the Directorate of Training and licensing of this office in a sealed cover directly by the training institute for scrutiny and record. (Not applicable in case the trainee has passed the DGCA technical / specific examinations) 12CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX Appendix B Multi-crew cooperation (MCC) training course 1. The objectives of MCC training are to develop the technical and non-technical components of the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to operate a multi crew aircraft. 2. The MCC training course should comprise both theoretical and practical elements and should be designed to achieve the training objectives. 3. The MCC course shall consist of the following: (a) Basic MCC training; (b) Advanced Gas Turbine aeroplane training; (c) Advanced airline operations scenario training; and (d) Final assessment. 4. CRM shall be integrated into all practical exercises of the MCC course. 5. Threat-and-error management (TEM) is central to the course instruction; the concepts of threat anticipation, threat recognition, recovery to safe flight, error management, and consequent avoidance of undesired aeroplanes states shall be emphasised at all times. 6. Duration TRAINING ELEMENTS TRAINING REQUIRED  25 Hours of Ground School 6.1 BASIC MCC TRAINING  05 FSTD *(Mandatory if flying in multi pilot environment)  Sessions (Minimum FTD level 5) 6.2 ADVANCED GAS TURBINE AEROPLANE TRAINING *(Mandatory for Type A and Type C Aeroplanes) 12 Hours 6.3 ADVANCED AIRLINE OPERATIONS SCENARIO TRAINING* 6 Hours *(For ATRP candidates only) 6.4 FINAL ASSESSMENT 2 Hours 13CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX (a) The MCC training course shall be completed within 6 months at an ATO. (b) On completion of the MCC training course the applicant shall be given a certificate of completion for each module that was successfully completed. (c) An FTD LEVEL 5 (minimum) or an equivalent FSTD that has a similar visual cueing system to the FFS may also be acceptable provided that the device is representative of the same class of multi-pilot, multi-engine aeroplane specified in terms of passenger load, mass, and performance, and equipped with equivalent aeroplane systems and avionics functionality. (d) Defence Pilots who have operated in a multi crew environment in a transport category aeroplane need not undergo the Basic MCC Training (6.1). (e) Defence Pilots who have flown a gas turbine powered aeroplanes (Turbojet or Turbofan) need not undergo the advanced gas turbine aeroplane training (6.2). Note 1: Defence pilots are qualified pilots as defined in Rule 41 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937. The final assessment as given in Para 6.4 does not apply to defence pilots if they satisfy both Para (d) and (e) as given above. 7. Basic MCC Training BASIC MCC TRAINING Performance indicators Practical Exercises cross-checking Aeroplane systems; Monitor aeroplane trajectory radio and navigation 14CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX Briefings Prepare and deliver appropriate (a) SOPs; (4) Computation of take-off briefings. performance data. (b) Interpretation of FMS data and in-flight (b) Take-off and documentation. climb: (1) before take-off checks; (2) normal take-offs; (3) rejected take-offs; (4) take-offs with abnormal and emergency situations included. (c) Cruise: emergency descent. (d) Descent and approach: (1) instrument flight procedures; (2) holding; (3) 3D Operations using raw data; Flight (a) Maintain a constant (a) Understanding of (4) 3D Operations using management awareness of the aeroplane aeroplane flight director; automation state; performance and configuration; (5) 3D Operations using (b) Manage automation to autopilot; achieve optimum trajectory and (b) Systems; minimum workload; (6) one-engine-inoperative (c) SOPs; approach; (c) Take effective recovery actions from automation (d) Interpretation of (7) 2D Operations anomalies; FMS data and in-flight documentation; (8) computation of (d) Manage aeroplane approach and landing data; navigation, terrain clearance; (e) Minimum terrain clearance; (9) all engines go-around; (e) Manage aeroplane fuel state and take (f) Fuel management. (10) go-around with one appropriate actions. engine inoperative; FMS use Programme, manage and (a) Systems (FMS); monitor FMS in accordance with (11) Wind shear during SOPs. (b) SOPs; approach. (c) Automation. (e) landing: transition from instrument to visual flight on reaching decision altitude or height or 15CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX Systems normal minimum descent altitude Perform and monitor normal . operations or height; systems operation in accordance (a) Systems; with SOPs. (b) SOPs. (f) after landing and post flight procedures; (g) selected emergency and abnormal procedures. Systems (a) Perform and monitor (a) Systems; abnormal and abnormal systems operation in emergency accordance with SOPs; (b) SOPs; operations (b) Utilise electronic and paper (c) Emergency and abnormal checklists in abnormal procedures accordance with SOPs. and checklists; (d) Recall items Environment, (a) Communicate effectively with (a) Systems; weather, and air ATC; traffic control (b) Avoid misunderstandings by (b) SOPs; (ATC) requesting clarification; (c) Adhere to ATC instruction s; (c) ATC environment and phraseology; (d) Construct a mental model of the local ATC (d) Procedures for and weather hazardous weather environment. conditions. 8. Advanced gas turbine aeroplane flying training The student pilot should develop a flight path management competency, including energy management, as pilot flying (PF), and associated active monitoring skills as pilot monitoring (PM). Aeroplane procedures used during this training should develop the student pilot’s understanding of the aeroplane flight envelope and inertia, as well as of the relationship between thrust and attitude. This phase should include an introduction to prevention and recovery of upsets, which builds confidence, skill, and resilience. ADVANCED SWEPT-WING JET AEROPLANE TRAINING Training Elements Performance Indicators Knowledge Practical Exercises Advanced gas turbine (a) Understand and apply Elements and (a) Take-off, approach, aeroplane flying combinations of thrust and components of jet landing, go-around. training attitude that ensure a orientation: stable, safe flight in (b) Flight deck various aeroplane (a) glass cockpit management practices. configurations and displays; altitudes. (c) Complex problem- (b) propulsion; solving techniques. (b) Manage the (much) wider range of speed and (c) aerodynamics; (d) Advanced handling. thrust at both low level and high level. (d) flight controls; (e) Manual handling skills (no autopilot, no auto 16CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX (c) Demonstrate good (e) performance; thrust, and where judgement and correct use possible, no flight of lift and drag devices (f) jet flight planning; director). during various phases of the flight. (g) weight and balance; (f) Flight at different speeds, including slow (d) Use displays along (h) basic jet flying; flight and altitudes within with all available aids to the normal flight stay mentally ahead when (i) pilot techniques for envelope. piloting all profiles. jet flying, advanced- handling-skills (g) Steep turns. (e) Understand and development; recognise the precursors (h) Aeroplane stability of high-energy (j) flight path and stall awareness. approaches. management; (i) Upset prevention (f) Know angle-of-attack (k) auto flight; techniques and (AoA) versus attitude approach-to-stall indications at low level as (l) high-altitude recovery events well as at high level. operations; (appropriate to FSTD limitations and (g) Practice upset (m) Introduction into capabilities). prevention as a priority, prevention and and clearly recognise when recovery of upsets. (j) High-energy approach and how recovery is prevention. necessary, by using the required pilot skills to (k) Go-around mitigate loss of control in- management of approach flight (LOC-I) events. and landing configurations. 9. Advanced airline operations scenario training The student pilot should be trained to apply the core competencies to conduct a safe and efficient operation in realistic airline operations scenarios. The airline-representative scenarios should include normal and non-normal situations. Operations should be run in real time according to a typical schedule. The scenarios should be constructed in an airline context in order to emphasise the following: (i) Threat-and-error management (TEM); (ii) Crew resource management (CRM); (iii) Flight path management, including energy management; and (iv) Interaction with internal and external stakeholders in the resolution of scenarios. ADVANCED AIRLINE OPERATIONS SCENARIO TRAINING Training Elements Performance Indicators Knowledge Practical Exercises Advanced airline (a) Execute pre-flight (a) Knowledge of (a) check-in procedures. operations scenario preparation in accordance systems training with airline or OEM SOPs. (b) pre-flight preparation: (b) SOPs. (b) Conduct an effective crew (1) weather analysis; (c) Normal and briefing, including cabin crew non-normal managers (CCMs). (2) flight planning; checklists and procedures. (c) Display good airmanship (3) fuel planning; and TEM skills in assessing 17CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 7 SERIES B PART XIX DATE: XX XX XXXX aeroplane serviceability, (4) configuration deviation list weather planning, fuel (CDL), dispatch deviation planning, and destination procedures guide (DDPG), and facilities. minimum equipment list (MEL) analysis; and (d) Conduct cockpit preparation and briefings in (5) Cabin crew briefing. an effective and accurate manner. (c) normal procedures: Cockpit preparation, pushback, (e) Manage and execute engine starting, taxiing, take-off, engine start, taxi-out and pre- climb, cruising, descent, take-off checks safely and in landing, shutdown, and accordance with airline or disembarkation procedures. OEM SOPs. (d) on time performance: (f) Manage and execute runway line-up, take-off, (1) weather analysis; climb, cruising, descent, approach, landing and taxi-in (2) flight planning; and safely and in accordance with airline or OEM SOPs. (3) fuel planning. (g) During non-normal (e) non-normal procedures: operations, display good system knowledge, and apply (1) as per (c) above, in case of non- normal procedures, a technical or operational non- communications, TEM, normal event; situational awareness (SA), decision-making and (2) TEM; aeroplane handling. (3) diversion decision-making; (4) communication; (5) diversion; (6) fuel SA; and (7) Passenger and crew care. 18