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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CIVIL AVIATION
TECHNICAL CENTRE, OPP SAFDURJUNG AIRPORT, NEW DELHI.
CIVIL AVIATION REQUIREMENTS
SECTION 7 – FLIGHT CREW STANDARDS
TRAINING & LICENCING
SERIES ‘I’ PART VII,
ISSUE III, DATED 30th Aug 2019
EFFECTIVE: 30th Nov 2019
File No. AV 22024/12/2016
Subject: Criteria for approval of Ground Instructors/Subject Matter Experts
(SMEs)
1. Introduction
ICAO Annex 1 and Annex 6 require demonstration of aviation subjects’
knowledge, for issue of type ratings in case of pilots, for approval as flight
dispatchers, and recurrent training of pilots and flight dispatchers. Ground
instructors carry out ground training in technical and performance subjects as
part of an Approved Training Organization (ATO)/Ground Training Organization
(GTO) or an operator’s approved training programme/type rating programme.
This part of the Civil Aviation Requirement is issued under Rule 29C and 133A
of the Aircraft Rules 1937 establishing criteria for approval of ground
instructors/ SMEs.
2. Applicability
This CAR prescribes the requirements for the issuance of Ground Instructor/
SME approval for the personnel of Scheduled/Non-scheduled/Scheduled
Commuter/ATOs/GTOs, and the conditions under which these approvals are
necessary along with their limitations.
3. Definitions
Air Traffic Controller (ATCO) - Air Traffic Controller means a person who is
authorized for performing duties in an air traffic services unit and entrusted with
the task of giving instructions, clearance or advice to aircraft by approved means
of communication, in the interest of safety of aircraft operations.
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CCQ- Cross-Crew Qualification is a shortened training program, which only
addresses the differences between the base aircrafts and its close compatriot
aircraft (i.e. derivative aircraft).
Flight Dispatcher – A person duly approved, who is involved in the operational
control of flight operations in accordance with the operator’s approved method
of control and supervision, of such operations.
Flight Engineer– A person duly authorized as a flight crew member, responsible
for monitoring and operation of the aircraft’s engines and other complex
systems.
Flight Navigator – A person duly authorized as a flight crew member to navigate
the aircraft, and for any other duties assigned for safe and efficient conduct of a
flight. The term also includes Navigator/Naval Observer from military/ para-
military forces.
Ground Instructor (GI) – A person duly approved to provide ground training in
aeronautical knowledge areas related to technical aspects and/or aircraft
performance.
Qualified Pilot – A person duly licensed (minimum CPL/CHPL) or a pilot from
the military/ para-military, who holds or has held the authority to handle controls
of an aircraft.
SME (Subject Matter Expert) - A person who provides the knowledge and
expertise in a specific subject, by virtue of his/ her experience/ qualifications.
4. Functions of Ground Instructor/ SME
a) To provide initial ground training, in aeronautical knowledge areas required
for the issuance of a type rating/ flight dispatcher approval and/ or special
operations approval.
b) To provide recurrent ground training in aeronautical knowledge areas, as
required for recurrent training of pilots, flight dispatchers and Ground
Instructors.
c) To provide ground training for LTC/ Check Pilot/SFI/TRI/ TRE/ DE.
d) To train ground instructors/SMEs.
5. Eligibility / Qualifications
5.1 To be eligible for issuance of the Ground Instructor’s Approval, a
person:-
a) Shall be at least 21 years of age;
And
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b) Shall be able to read, write, speak, and understand the English language;
And
C)
i. Shall be an engineering graduate or hold a graduate degree, with Physics
and/or Mathematics from a recognized Board/ University;
Or
ii. Should have been a qualified pilot/flight navigator/flight engineer/flight
dispatcher/ATCO, with minimum two (2) years of work experience in
aviation;
Or
iii. Should have been an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer with a minimum of
three (03) years of work experience as an AME.
5.2 For approval as a Subject Matter Expert (SME) a person must have a
minimum experience of two (02) years in a specialized fields such as flying
(Qualified pilot/ Flight navigator/ Flight Engineer), flight dispatch, ATC,
meteorology or, have held prior approval as a Technical or Performance ground
instructor.
Note: Training by SMEs shall meet the standards to be maintained under the
quality assurance system of the operator.
6. Training Requirements for Approval as Ground Instructor/ SME
On fulfilling the eligibility requirements specified in Para 5 above, the trainee
ground instructor shall undergo following training:-
6.1. Initial training.
Initial training would be modular, which shall be carried out by an approved
Ground Instructor, of the Operator/ ATO/ GTO, or an approved ATO/ GTO of
ICAO contracting state, or the OEM.
6.1.1 For approval as Ground Instructor (technical/ performance), the training
shall be completed in the following modules:
Module 1, Consisting of General Aviation subjects, i.e. navigation, instruments,
radio aids, Air-regulations, Basic knowledge of Aerodynamics, aircraft technical
systems and basic aircraft performance. The syllabus would be divided into the
following modules:
a) Module 1A - For a person with previous aviation background i.e. qualifications
as per Para 5.1.C (ii), (iii)
The duration shall be a minimum of 24 Hours.
b) Module 1B: For a person without prior aviation background i.e. qualifications
as per Para 5.1c. (i).
The duration shall be a minimum of 120 hours.
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Contents of Module 1A/1B are defined at Appendix A.
MODULE 2
Technical Performance
Specific aircraft technical systems to Specific aircraft performance to include
cover the aircraft systems performance engineering aspects.
description, limitations, normal and
non-normal (abnormal / emergency) The minimum duration shall be as
procedures. The minimum duration below:
shall be as below:
i) For Aircraft MTOW less than 5700 i) For Aircraft MTOW less than 5700 kg
kg – 24 hrs – 18 Hrs
ii) For Aircraft MTOW more than ii) For Aircraft MTOW more than 5700
5700 kg and less than 45360 Kg – 40 kg and less than 45360 Kg – 30 Hrs
hrs. iii) For Aircraft MTOW more than
iii) For Aircraft MTOW more than 45360 kg – 48 Hrs
45360 kg – 72 hrs
NOTE: 1. GI training conducted by the OEM, will be as recommended by
the OEM.
2. CCQ credit, as given by the OEM, would be applicable to this module.
3. For helicopter GIs, the minimum syllabus would be as recommended
for the pilots, by the OEM,
6.1.1.1 At the end of each module, a written test shall be conducted to assess
the trainee’s knowledge, in order to progress to the next stage of training.
6.1.1.2 For previously approved and current GIs or SFI/TRI/Examiner, the
following training would apply:
a) For approval on another type of aircraft, there shall be no requirement to
undergo Module 1 & 3.
b) For addition of a variant of the same type of aircraft, the duration of the
differences training shall be as per the operator’s OM-D.
c) For a current Technical GI to become a Performance GI on the same
aircraft type, and vice versa, Module 1A (comprising of basic aircraft technical
systems for a Performance GI, and basic aircraft performance for a Technical GI,
as applicable), and Module 2 shall apply.
6.1.1.3 DEs/ TREs/ TRIs/ LTCs/ Check Pilots, or qualified pilots/ flight navigators
from the military who have previously held the instructor/ Check pilot qualification,
will not require to undergo Module 3.
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6.1.1.4 A type-rated pilot who has exercised the privileges of his type-rating in the
preceding five years, for approval as a Technical/ Performance GI, will only
require to undergo only Module 3.
6.2 Ground Instructors, with or without previous approval, when joining a new
operator/ ATO/ GTO, shall undergo a 2-day Operator familiarization Course,
consisting of the Operations Manual/ Training and Procedures Manual,
SOPs and Training Policies.
6.3 Module 3 (Trainers’ course)
This is a one-time course of teaching and learning instructions for all GIs/ SMEs,
comprising of minimum 40 hours training, to cover;
(i) Learning process
(ii) Teaching process
(iii) Training philosophies
(iv) Techniques of applied instruction
(v) Student evaluation and testing
(vi) Training programme development
(vii) Training administration;
(viii) Human performance and limitations
6.4 Module IV (as applicable)
Operational Training. Operational training, as applicable, shall be conducted
by SMEs approved for the same, having undergone appropriate modular
training of not less than the duration as mentioned below against each:
(i) EDTO - 16 hrs
(ii) PBN - 16 hrs
(iii) Data link - 6 hrs
(iv) ADS B – 2 hrs
(v) EFB – 8 hrs
(vi) NAT HLA – 16 hrs
(vii) RVSM - 4 hrs
(viii) HUD/ EVS – 12 hrs
(ix) AWO- including Cold Weather ops (De-icing/Anti-icing), monsoon
operations, LVO – 24 hrs
(x) UPRT- 16 hrs
(xi) *Special VFR- 12 hrs
(xii) HUET- As per OPITO syllabus
(xiii) Hill Ops- 12 hrs
(xiv) Off Shore- 12 hrs FOR HELICOPTER
(xv) ELO- 8 hrs OPERATIONS
(xvi) HHO- 8 hrs
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(xvii) HEMS- Operations’ specific
(xviii) Specific Ground training- 12 hrs
*TRE/TRI/FIR/ AFIR and IR rated pilots are not required to undergo
Special VFR training, for qualifying as SME.
The training content of the SME’s course would consist of latest regulations,
and concepts extracted from relevant ICAO documents, which would form a
part of the operator/ organization’s OM-D/ Training and Procedures Manual.
Note:
1.For personnel holding a current approval as an SME on an aircraft, the training
requirement would be reduced to 25% of that listed above, when extending the
approval for another aircraft type, and/or on change of operator/ ATO/ GTO.
2. For any newly introduced operational topics which may be required to be
covered by SMEs in the future, the Post Holder Training will seek permission
from DGCA to grant the required authorization for the first SME.
6.5. Practical Training –
6.5.1 For Technical and/or Performance GI, as applicable, an observe and
conduct of one full type rating course or one recurrent training course, under
supervision of an approved ground instructor, depending upon whether technical
or performance GI approval is sought.
NOTE: 1.In case of a new aircraft induction, only an experienced GI with at least
1 year of previous industry experience shall be considered. In cases where the
same aircraft is not being operated by any other operator in the country, the
observe session shall be conducted by the OEM/ ATO/ GTO.
2. In case full type rating course/Recurrent training is not being conducted by an
operator/ ATO/GTO, the Post Holder Training may authorize equivalent
simulated training.
6.5.2 For SME, one observe and conduct session under supervision of an
approved SME for the relevant operational topic.
NOTE: For an operator which does not have existing infrastructure to meet the
“observe-and-conduct” requirement, the same shall be accomplished through
another operator/ ATO/ GTO.
6.5.3 For persons who qualify under para 5.1 c) (i), on completion of the observe
and conduct, the following familiarization training shall be required:
a) For Technical Instructor
i) Minimum 2 hours of training in a Training Device or aircraft
for cockpit familiarization, and, one aircraft visit for
exterior inspection of aircraft; and,
ii) Minimum 2 hours of training on a Simulator (FFS/FBS) or a
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two sector flight on the type of aircraft on which the
approval is sought, as an observer on the flight deck.
b) For Performance Instructor
i) Minimum one day training at Flight Dispatch under a Flight
Dispatch Trainer for dispatch procedures/ contingency
procedures/ crew communication; and,
ii) Minimum 2 hours on Full Flight Simulator or a two sector
flight on the same type of aircraft, as an observer on the
flight deck.
6.5.2 On satisfactory completion of the applicable training mentioned above,
the applicant Ground Instructor will undergo an oral examination, as
specified in para 7.
7. Oral Examination
The applicant Ground Instructor/SME shall be subjected to an oral examination
by a board constituted by the Post Holder Training of the operator/organization.
Oral examinations will be conducted separately for technical, performance,
and SME. The Board shall include Post Holder Training or his nominee, CGI or
his nominee and/or a relevant GI/SME, as applicable.
NOTE: In case of induction of a new aircraft, the oral exam for the first GI shall
not be required.
8. Issue, Renewal, Withdrawal of Ground Instructor Approval
8.1 On successful completion of requirements as laid down in this CAR, the
Post Holder Training shall issue approval to the Ground Instructor for a period
of 5 years. Withdrawal and renewal of approval will be in accordance with the
policy that is specified in the Operations Manual/Training and Procedures
Manual. The policy shall include the method of training and qualification of
ground instructors.
Standard format of the Approval Form is given at Appendix B.
8.2 DGCA may withdraw the approval of Ground Instructor/SME, if serious
lapses are found in performance of his/her duties as a Ground Instructor/SME.
8.3 Change of Operator.
8.3.1 For approved and current ground instructors/SMEs when changing to
an operator with the same aircraft type, the Post Holder training can issue
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an approval on completion of 2 days of training of operator/ ATO/ GTO
Operations Manual/ Training and Procedures’ Manual and SOPs, followed by
an oral examination as per Para 7.
8.3.2 If the applicant is not current, then additionally, the refresher training as in
Para 9 below shall be applicable.
8.3.3 In case of change of aircraft, only Module 2, covering Technical or
Performance, as relevant, shall be required.
9. Recurrent training
9.1 Recurrent training is conducted annually to ensure the maintenance of
competencies, knowledge and skills through a series of theoretical training,
hands-on exercises, written exam, etc. relevant to each aircraft type on which
the ground instructor will be imparting training.
9.2 Recurrent training validity is 12 months. If carried out within 3 months
preceding the expiry, the subsequent validity will be 12 months from the
original expiry. The minimum duration of recurrent training shall be 16 hours
for technical, and 12 hours for Performance, respectively. For SMEs, the
minimum duration shall be 30 min for each operational subject.
9.3 In case another GI is not available, Post Holder Training may authorize a
current TRI/DE/Examiner on type, to conduct recurrent training of a ground
instructor.
10. Refresher training
An operator shall provide training in respect of each ground instructor who
has not carried out any ground instructional duties for periods as applicable
below:
a. More than 12 months, up to 24 months
Extended Recurrent Training with minimum of 50% duration of Module 2.
b. More than 24 months, upto 36 months
Extended recurrent training with minimum 50% duration of module 2 +
Observe and Conduct of a Recurrent/ Type rating course.
c. More than 36 months
Complete training as per Para 6 above will be required.
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11. Records
11.1 The record of initial training, qualification and approval of a ground
instructor/ Special Ops SME shall be maintained by the operator as long as
the Ground Instructor remains in employment with the operator/ATO/GTO.
11.2 Individual training record of an approved Ground Instructor/ SME shall be
maintained for a period of 5 years by the operator/ATO/GTO.
12. General Requirements
12.1 No operator/ATO/GTO shall use any person nor shall any person serve
as a Ground Instructor/ SME unless that person has been approved in
accordance with this CAR.
12.2 Post Holder training may utilize a Ground Instructor of equivalent status
approved by any Contracting State to exercise functions as Ground
Instructor, for the training of pilots/flight dispatchers. Such utilization may
be made for a period not exceeding 6 consecutive months and as a one-
time measure only.
12.3 The operator/ ATO/ GTO should ensure that all ground instructors undergo
periodic training courses to continuously enhance their knowledge and to
keep them abreast with latest industry best practices, and regulations.
12.4. An operator/organization shall appoint a Chief Ground Instructor (CGI), who
shall be responsible for the supervision of all ground instructors and for the
standardization of all theoretical knowledge instruction. The CGI shall
function under the supervision of Post Holder Training. For operators/
organizations employing less than 5 ground instructors, the positions of
HoT/CFI and CGI may be combined.
13. Approved and current ground instructors, on the date of issue of this CAR shall
not be governed by the requirements of this CAR, and shall retain their approval
without any further action required.
14. Approved Ground Instructors conducting special operations training as
on date of issue of this CAR can be approved as SMEs by the Post Holder
Training without any further training. The approval will lapse for all such
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approved Ground Instructors, three months from the date of issue of this CAR.
15. Personnel currently undergoing training for qualification as a Ground instructor,
shall not be required to meet the requirements of this CAR and shall be governed
by the CAR applicable on their date of joining the operator/ATO/GTO. The
operator/organization shall forward the particulars of such personnel to DGCA
within one month from the date of issue of this CAR.
(Arun Kumar)
Director General of Civil Aviation
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Appendix A
MODULE 1A DUR: 24 hrs
For initial GI approval
1. General Aviation/Regulatory Bodies: 4 hrs
a. ICAO/FAA/EASA/IATA etc.
b. DGCA
2. Overview of Air Regulations: 16 hrs
a. Aircraft Act 1934
b. Aircraft Rules 1937
c. Civil Aviation Requirements
3. Interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM,
aeronautical codes and abbreviations. 4 hrs
OR
For transition of Technical/ Performance GI
Basic aircraft performance (takeoff and landing distances, rate of climb, ceiling, speed,
payload, and fuel economy etc.)/ Technical general (including engines, airframe &
avionics systems knowledge) 24 hrs
MODULE 1B DUR: 120 Hrs
1. General Aviation/Regulatory Bodies: 4 hrs
a. ICAO/FAA/EASA/IATA etc.
b. DGCA
2. Overview of Air Regulations: 16 hrs
a. Aircraft Act 1934
b. Aircraft Rules 1937
c. Civil Aviation Requirements
3. Interpretation and use of aeronautical documentation such as AIP, NOTAM,
aeronautical codes and abbreviations. 8 hrs
4. Basic Aviation Meteorology 16 hrs
a. International Standard Atmosphere
b. Meteorological Charts & Aviation Weather Reports
c. Weather, Types of clouds, turbulence, thunderstorms etc. & avoidance
techniques
d. Pressure, Temperature, Winds and their impact on aviation
5. Basic Principles of Flight. 8 hrs
6. Basics of Navigation, Aircraft Instruments and Radio aids. 16 hrs
7. Jet Engine Fundamentals and Basics of Aircraft Systems 16 hrs
8. Basics of Aircraft Performance, including - 16 hrs
a. Mass and Balance, Centre of gravity
b. Effects of loading and mass distribution on aircraft performance
9. Human Factors and CRM 16 hrs
10. Aircraft documents, Checklist Philosophy, Accidents Analysis 4 hrs
Note: The contents may be modified based on the previous qualification and
background of the trainee instructor.
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APPENDIX B
GROUND INSTRUCTOR INITIAL APPROVAL
TRAINING FORM
1. FULL NAME:_____________________________________________________
2. EDUCATIONALQUALIFICATION:-_____________________________________
3. PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION:- QUALIFIED PILOT/FLIGHT
NAVIGATOR/FLIGHT ENGINEER/FLIGHT DISPATCHER/ATCO/AME/ DGCA
APPROVED INSTRUCTOR/ SFI/ TRI/ EXAMINER/ DESIGNATED EXAMINER;
a. Details of Professional Qualification:______________________________
4. AVIATION EXPERIENCE (IF ANY) :-
5. MODULE 1 TRAINING RECORD
This is to certify that Mr/Ms___________________________has successfully
completed the Module1A/ Module 1B towards obtaining his/her approval as Ground
Instructor.
a. MODULE 1A (With Aviation Background) Duration 24
Hrs.
Date of Training From To
b. MODULE 1B (Without Aviation Background) Duration 120
Hrs
Date of Training From To
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training________________________________
Date: __________________
6. MODULE 2 TRAINING RECORD (Technical / Performance)
This is to certify that Mr/Ms____________________________________has
successfully completed the Module2 towards obtaining his/her approval as Ground
Instructor
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MODULE 2 Duration _________Hrs.
Date of Training From To
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training______________________________
Date: __________________
7. MODULE 3 TRAINING RECORD
This is to certify that Mr/Ms_________________________________has successfully
completed the Module2 towards obtaining his/her approval as Ground Instructor
MODULE 3 Duration 40 Hrs.
Date of Training From To
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training_____________________________
Date: __________________
8. PRACTICAL TRAINING
i) This is to certify that Mr/Ms______________________________________has
observed the ___________Aircraft Type Rating Course from ____________to
________________
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training____________________________
Date: __________________
ii) This is to certify that
Mr/Ms_________________________________________has conducted the
___________Aircraft Type Rating Course from ____________to
________________ under observation of Approved Ground Instructor.
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training_____________________________
Date: __________________
iii) This is to certify that
Mr/Ms_________________________________________has observed the
___________Aircraft Recurrent Course from ____________to
________________
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training_____________________________
Date: __________________
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9. TECHNICAL INSTRUCTOR
This is to certify that Mr/Ms____________________________________has attended
_____ hours of training in a Training Device / aircraft for cockpit familiarization on
__________ and, aircraft visit for exterior inspection of aircraft on ______________
and _________hours of training on Full Flight Simulator on ____________/ a two
sector flight on ____ aircraft on _______________________________ as an
observer in the flight deck.
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training_____________________________
Date: __________________
10. PERFORMANCE INSTRUCTOR
This is to certify that Mr/Ms____________________________________has attended
one day training at Flight Dispatch on ____________under Mr/Ms
______________________Flight Dispatch Trainer for dispatch procedures/
contingency procedures/ crew communication; and _________ 2 hours on Full Flight
Simulator on ___________________ / a two sector flight on __________ aircraft as
an observer on the flight deck.
Signature of CGI/Post Holder Training_____________________________
Date: __________________
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