Executive Summary:
This document presents the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation's response to questions regarding the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2023-24. It details the rise in Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) in rural and urban areas compared to the 2011-12 survey. The document provides MPCE data and clarifies the roles of various ministries and social welfare schemes.
Key Points / Main Content:
* **Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES):**
* The National Statistics Office (NSO) conducts the HCES at regular intervals.
* The last survey was conducted during August 2023 – July 2024.
* Prior surveys were conducted during August 2022 – July 2023 and in NSS 68th round (July 2011 – June 2012).
* **Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE):**
* Table 1 provides MPCE estimates at nominal and real (2011-12) prices, along with the rural-urban gap.
* MPCE data is presented for rural and urban sectors separately.
* **MPCE Figures (All India Average):**
* Rural: Nominal price - Rs. 1430 (2011-12), Rs. 3773 (2022-23), Rs. 4122 (2023-24); Real price (2011-12) - Rs. 1430, Rs. 2008, Rs. 2079.
* Urban: Nominal price - Rs. 2630 (2011-12), Rs. 6459 (2022-23), Rs. 6996 (2023-24); Real price (2011-12) - Rs. 2630, Rs. 3510, Rs. 3632.
* Urban-rural difference in MPCE: 84 (2011-12), 71 (2022-23), 70 (2023-24).
* **Data Deflation:**
* CPI for the year 2012 has been considered as the base year to obtain values at real price.
* MPCE estimates for 2022-23 and 2023-24 were deflated using CPIR/CPIU for rural and urban sectors, respectively, to obtain MPCE values at 2011-12 prices.
* **Use of Survey Data:**
* MoSPI surveys provide estimates of indicators like health, education, labor force, and per capita expenditure.
* These indicators meet the requirements of various stakeholder Ministries.
* **Social Welfare Schemes:**
* Various Ministries have implemented social welfare schemes. Examples include: PMEGP, MGNREGS, DDU GKY, RSETIs, DAY-NULM, PMMY, PMJDY, PM KISAN, Ayushman Bharat, PMGKAY, PMAY, PMUY.
Impact Analysis:
* **Stakeholder Ministries (Rural Development, Finance, Health & Family Welfare, Labour & Employment, Agriculture, NITI Aayog, etc.):**
* *Impact:* The HCES data informs the planning, implementation, and evaluation of various social welfare schemes and policies.
* *Action Required:* Utilize the survey data to assess the effectiveness of current programs, identify areas for improvement, and inform future policy decisions.
Key Entities Referenced
Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES): A survey conducted to gather data on household consumption expenditure. The survey mentioned in the document is for 2023-24.
Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): A measure of the average monthly consumption expenditure per person. The survey analyzes the rise in MPCE in both rural and urban areas.
National Statistics Office (NSO): The organization responsible for conducting the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey.
NITI Aayog: A policy think tank of the Government of India.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): A social welfare scheme guaranteeing wage employment in rural areas.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): National Mission for Financial Inclusion to ensure access to financial services.
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM KISAN): An income support scheme for small and marginal farmers.
All India: Refers to the entire country of India, used in the context of average MPCE.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 1718
TO BE ANSWERED ON 30.07.2025
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE SURVEY
1718. DR. MALLU RAVI:
Will the Minister of STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government has taken note of the findings of the
Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2023-
24, particularly the rise in Monthly Per Capita Consumption
Expenditure (MPCE) in both rural and urban areas;
(b) if so, the details of the percentage increase in MPCE in real
terms for rural and urban households compared to the previous
survey of 2011-12;
(c) whether the survey indicates a narrowing consumption gap
between rural and urban populations and if so, the rural-to-
urban MPCE ratio for the years 2011-12 and 2023-24;
(d) the steps being taken by the Government to sustain this
positive trend and address structural disparities in consumption
patterns across regions and income groups; and
(e) whether the Government proposes any policy changes based on
this data to better target subsidies or social welfare schemes
and if so, the details thereof?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF
STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION; MINISTER OF
STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) OF THE MINISTRY OF PLANNING
AND MINISTER OF STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF CULTURE [RAO
INDERJIT SINGH]
(a) to (c): The National Statistics Office (NSO) conducts survey on
Household Consumption Expenditure at regular interval. The last
survey on Household Consumption Expenditure was conducted duringAugust, 2023-July, 2024. Prior to this, the survey was conducted
during August, 2022-July, 2023 and in NSS 68th round (July, 2011 –
June, 2012). From the survey results of these surveys, the estimates
of Average monthly per capita consumption expenditure (MPCE) at
nominal and real price (2011-12 price) along with rural-urban gap in
MPCE separately for rural and urban sectors have been given below in
Table 1:
Table 1: Average Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure
(MPCE) and % difference in MPCE across rural & urban sectors – All-
India
Average MPCE (Rs.) Average MPCE (Rs.)
Sector at nominal price at real price
2011-12 2022-23 2023-24 2011-12 2022-23 2023-24
Rural 1430 3773 4122 1430 2008 2079
Urban 2630 6459 6996 2630 3510 3632
Urban-rural
difference in 84 71 70 84 75 75
MPCE (%)
Source: NSS Report no. 592: Survey on Household Consumption
Expenditure: 2023-24
To obtain values at real price, CPI for the year 2012 has been
considered as base year. The MPCE estimates of 2022-23 and 2023-
24 have been deflated using CPI(R) & CPI(U) for rural and urban
sectors respectively to obtain the MPCE values at 2011-12 price.
(d) to (e): The surveys of MoSPI provide estimates of important
indicators such as health, education, labour force, per capita
expenditure, etc to meet the requirements of various stakeholder
Ministries such as the Rural Development, Finance, Health & Family
Welfare, Labour and Employment, Agriculture, NITI Aayog, etc. These
Ministries have implemented various social welfare schemes such as
Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP),
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS), Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-
GKY), Rural Self Employment and Training Institutes (RSETIs),
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Urban Livelihoods Mission
(DAY-NULM), Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY), Pradhan Mantri
Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-
KISAN), Ayushman Bharat, Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana
(PMGKAY), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna (PMAY), Pradhan Mantri
Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), etc.
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