Parliament Question: Investment in Water and Sanitation Sector

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER & SANITATION LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 166 ANSWERED ON 11/12/2025 INVESTMENT IN WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR *166. SHRI ANUP SANJAY DHOTRE: Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state: (a) the total investment made in the water and sanitation sector in the country during the last three years along with the funds allocated and utilised, scheme/programme-wise; (b) the percentage of population having access to improved water supply and sanitation facilities as on date, State/UT-wise; (c) whether innovative approaches such as decentralized wastewater treatment systems, rainwater harvesting and community-led total sanitation have been adopted to improve service delivery in the sector and if so, the details thereof; and (d) the number of such projects implemented, States/UTs covered, number of beneficiaries thereunder and key outcomes achieved? ANSWER THE MINISTER OF JAL SHAKTI (SHRI C R PATIL) (a) to (d) A statement is laid on the table of the House. Page 1 of 10Statement referred in reply of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 answered on 11.12.2025 (a) & (b) Water supply and sanitation are State subjects. To supplement the efforts of States, Govt. of India provides technical and financial assistance. Since August 2019, Government of India in partnership with States is implementing Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) – Har Ghar Jal to make provision of potable water to every rural household across the country. The total estimated outlay of the Mission was Rs. 3.60 lakh Crore out of which Central share was Rs. 2.08 lakh Crore and almost the entire budgetary Central amount has been utilized. Year-wise details of financial progress made till 2024-25 under the Mission is as under: (Amount in Rs. Crore) Fund utilized against Total Expenditure Year BE/ RE allocation (Centre + State) 2019-20 10,000.66 10,000.44 10,074.28 2020-21 11,000.00 10,999.94 20,449.96 2021-22 45,011.00 40,125.64 43,551.85 2022-23 55,000.00 54,839.79 90,815.55 2023-24 70,000.00 69,992.37 1,51,518.65 2024-25 22,670.00# 22,638.44 90,009.00 Total 2,13,705.66# 2,08,596.62 4,06,419.29 #total utilization restricted to approved central outlay of Rs. 2,08,652 Crore Source: JJM-IMIS At the time of announcement of Jal Jeevan Mission, 3.23 Crore (16.71%) rural households were reported to have tap water connections. So far, as reported by States/ UTs as on 08.12.2025, around 12.52 Crore additional rural households have been provided with tap water connections. Thus, as on date, out of 19.36 Crore rural households, in the country, more than 15.75 Crore (81.37%) households are reported to have tap water supply in their homes. State/ UT-wise details are at Annex-I. To make rural areas of the country open defecation free (ODF) by providing access to toilets to all rural households, Government of India had launched Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) in 2014 and all States/UTs declared themselves as ODF in October, 2019. SBM(G) Phase-II was launched in April, 2020 and is being implemented from 2020-21 to 2025-26 with focus to sustain the ODF status and to cover all the villages with Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM), i.e. to convert villages from ODF to ODF Plus Model by 2025-26. Year-wise details of Central funds allocated and utilized under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase-II is as under: Amount in Rs. Crore Fund utilized against Total Expenditure Year BE/ RE allocation (Centre + State)* 2020-21 6,000 4,947.92 11,064.78 2021-22 6,000 3,111.37 6,163.27 2022-23 5,000 4,925.16 6,691.28 2023-24 7,000 6,815.97 10,124.37 2024-25 7,192 3,622.00 7,904.44 Total 31,192 23,422.42 41,948.14 *including unspent balance, in April 2020, of Rs. 15,343 Cr (Centre +State) Page 2 of 10As reported, as on 08.12.2025, the total number of individual household latrines (IHHLs) and Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) constructed (2014 onwards) are 11.99 crores and 2.66 lakhs respectively. The details of the IHHLs and CSCs constructed State/UT wise are at Annex-II. Apart from this, to ensure water supply and sanitation services in villages, the tied grants of 60% of Rs. 2,36,805 Crore recommended by 15th FC to Rural Local Bodies (RLBs) / Panchayat Raj institutions (PRIs) for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26 have been earmarked for utilization towards creating and maintaining drinking water and sanitation infrastructure. Moreover, provisions for taking up augmentation and strengthening of local & ancient drinking water sources in convergence with other schemes at village level viz. MGNREGS, 15th Finance Commission tied grants to Rural Local Bodies (RLBs), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), State schemes, District Mineral Development Fund, CSR funds, community contribution, etc. have also been envisaged under the JJM. Further, Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, has informed that Government of India is implementing Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) & AMRUT 2.0 for augmentation of basic infrastructure in urban areas in the sectors of water supply, sewerage and septage management, etc. AMRUT was launched in the year 2015 in selected 500 cities. Under AMRUT, 6,008 projects worth ₹83,463.05 crore have been grounded. These projects include 1,403 water supply projects worth ₹43,359.78 crore and 890 sewerage/septage management projects worth ₹34,459.46 crore. Moreover, AMRUT 2.0 scheme was launched the year 2021 in all Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)/ cities, enabling the cities to become 'self-reliant' and 'water secure'. Providing universal coverage of sewerage and septage management in 500 AMRUT cities is one of the major focus areas of AMRUT 2.0. Under AMRUT 2.0, the proposal of the State/UTs for 3,516 water supply projects worth ₹1,18,226.61 crore, 588 Sewerage & Septage Management projects worth ₹67,840.59 crore have been approved by MoHUA. Funds under AMRUT and AMRUT 2.0 are allocated/released/sanctioned to States/UTs and not sector wise. Details of fund releases under AMRUT and AMRUT 2.0 are as under: (Amount in Rs. Crore) Details AMRUT AMRUT 2.0 Total Central Assistance allocated for projects 36,035.79 66,750.00 Total Release since inception (till 2024-25) 34,900.97 12,982.25 2022-23 961.17 5,462.00 2023-24 2,499.83 2,146.94 2024-25 281.74 4,917.53 As reported, State/UTs-wise details of tap water coverage in the urban areas are at Annex-III. Similarly, Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) was launched on October 2, 2014 with the objective of Open Defecation Free (ODF) and for scientific processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in the urban areas of the country. Under SBM – U, the total financial outlay of the Page 3 of 10States and UTs for the entire Mission Period was ₹62,009 Crore, including committed Central Assistance of ₹14,623 Crore as the funds under SBM-U are allocated to States/ UTs for entire mission period and not on yearly basis. To continue the support to cities, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM-U) 2.0 has been launched on October 1, 2021 for a period of five years with a vision of achieving safe sanitation and scientific management of all fractions of waste including safe disposal in scientific landfills, legacy dumpsite remediation. Under SBM – U 2.0, the total financial outlay of the States and UTs for the entire Mission Period is ₹1,41,600 crore, including committed Central Assistance of ₹36,465 crore. (c) & (d) Under JJM, technological interventions such as solar energy based stand-alone water supply systems for scattered/ isolated/ tribal villages, Community Water Purification Plants (CWPP) based on Arsenic, Fluoride, Iron and other contaminant removal units in groundwater contaminated areas, cold deserts/ hard rock/ hilly/ coastal areas, etc. have been made for efficient and effective implementation of the Mission. Further, a Technical Committee has been set up to examine and recommend various innovations and water and sanitation related new technologies, which can be used in ensuring improved water and sanitation service delivery. So far, the committee has considered 241 innovative technologies and 187 R&D proposals and has accepted and recommended 32 innovative technologies. Under SBM(G), States/UTs have been given flexibility to adopt various technologies and service delivery models for various components under SBM(G) Phase-II including decentralized wastewater treatment systems, depending on local contextual needs and circumstances, land availability, geographical conditions etc. SBM(G) Phase-II Guidelines are available in public domain at https://swachhbharatmission.ddws.gov.in/sites/default/files/Guidelines/SBMG%20Phase- II%20Operational%20Guidelines.pdf As per data recorded by States/UTs on SBM(G) IMIS portal as on 08.12.2025, more than 5.40 lakh villages are covered with liquid waste management arrangements under SBM(G) Phase-II. State/UT- wise details are at Annex-IV. Under the AMRUT, States/ Union Territories (UTs) are empowered to select appraise, propose and implement projects. “Jal Hi AMRIT", a sub-scheme under AMRUT 2.0, aims to incentivize States/UTs to efficiently manage sewage treatment plants for recyclable treated water meeting environmental standards. The focus of sub scheme is to build capacity & incentivizing qualitative improvements in the treated discharge effluent. So far, 860 Sewage Treatment Plants have been enrolled (submitted information) via online platform for assessment. Under the component of Toilet Construction of SBM-U 2.0, the funds to the tune of Rs.132.78 Cr for the year 2022-23, Rs.104.85 Cr for 2023-24 and Rs.52.65 Cr for 2024-25 have been released. The State/UT-wise details of constructed Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) and community & public toilet seats under SBM - U are at Annex-V. Numerous projects inter alia including projects related to JJM are implemented concurrently at various levels across the States for achieving the envisaged objectives. Water being a State subject, Page 4 of 10project-wise details of individual projects/ schemes for rural water supply projects are not maintained at the Government of India level. Further, Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain (JSA: CTR) campaign aiming to encourage water conservation at grass-root levels with people's participation was launched in 2019 in 256 water stressed districts of the country. In 2025, JSA is being implemented with the theme “People's Action for Water Conservation - Towards Intensified Community Connect” emphasizing the pivotal role played by community especially women in the field of water conservation. Moreover, aiming to ensure conservation of every drop of water through collective efforts, following a whole-of-society and whole-of-government approach, "Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari" (JSJB) initiative has also been taken up as part of the JSA: CTR campaign. ***** Page 5 of 10Annex-I Annex mentioned in Statement referred to in reply of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 answered on 11.12.2025 State/ UT-wise details of progress made under JJM (as on 08.12.2025) (Number in lakhs) Rural HHs with tap Rural HHs provided Rural HHs with tap S. Total water connection as with tap water supply water supply as on State/ UT No. rural HHs on 15/08/2019 since Aug, 2019 date No. In% No. In% No. In% 1. A&N Islands 0.62 0.29 46.02 0.33 53.98 0.62 100.00 2. Arunachal Pr. 2.29 0.23 9.97 2.06 90.03 2.29 100.00 3. DNH & DD 0.85 - - 0.85 100.00 0.85 100.00 4. Goa 2.64 1.99 75.44 0.65 24.56 2.64 100.00 5. Gujarat 91.18 65.16 71.46 26.02 28.54 91.18 100.00 6. Haryana 30.41 17.66 58.08 12.75 41.92 30.41 100.00 7. Himachal Pr. 17.09 7.63 44.64 9.46 55.36 17.09 100.00 8. Mizoram 1.33 0.09 6.91 1.24 93.09 1.33 100.00 9. Puducherry 1.15 0.94 81.33 0.21 18.67 1.15 100.00 10. Punjab 34.27 16.79 48.98 17.48 51.02 34.27 100.00 11. Telangana 53.98 15.68 29.05 38.30 70.95 53.98 100.00 12. Uttarakhand 14.49 1.30 9.00 12.86 88.75 14.16 97.75 13. Ladakh 0.41 0.01 3.48 0.38 94.10 0.40 97.58 14. Bihar 167.55 3.16 1.89 157.20 93.82 160.36 95.71 15. Nagaland 3.64 0.14 3.82 3.28 90.13 3.42 93.94 16. Sikkim 1.33 0.70 52.97 0.52 39.12 1.22 92.09 17. Lakshadweep 0.13 - - 0.12 91.45 0.12 91.45 18. Uttar Pr. 267.21 5.16 1.93 237.58 88.91 242.74 90.84 19. Maharashtra 146.78 48.44 33.00 83.96 57.20 132.40 90.20 20. Tamil Nadu 125.26 21.76 17.37 90.20 72.01 111.96 89.38 21. Karnataka 101.31 24.51 24.20 63.03 62.22 87.54 86.41 22. Tripura 7.51 0.25 3.26 6.23 82.96 6.47 86.23 23. Meghalaya 6.51 0.05 0.70 5.37 82.57 5.42 83.26 24. Assam 72.24 1.11 1.54 57.87 80.11 58.99 81.65 25. Chhattisgarh 49.98 3.20 6.40 37.61 75.26 40.81 81.65 26. J&K 19.26 5.75 29.89 9.89 51.34 15.64 81.22 27. Manipur 4.52 0.26 5.74 3.34 73.86 3.59 79.60 28. Odisha 88.65 3.11 3.51 65.28 73.63 68.38 77.14 29. Andhra Pr. 95.53 30.74 32.18 40.32 42.21 71.07 74.39 30. Madhya Pr. 111.49 13.53 12.14 67.45 60.50 80.98 72.63 31. Rajasthan 107.74 11.74 10.90 50.31 46.69 62.05 57.59 32. West Bengal 175.52 2.15 1.22 96.94 55.23 99.09 56.45 33. Jharkhand 62.53 3.45 5.52 31.00 49.57 34.45 55.09 34. Kerala 70.77 16.64 23.51 22.12 31.26 38.76 54.77 Total 19,36.17 3,23.63 16.71 12,52.22 64.67 15,75.84 81.39 Delhi & Chandigarh have no rural population. HHs: Households Source: JJM – IMIS Page 6 of 10Annex-II Annex mentioned in Statement referred to in reply of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 answered on 11.12.2025 State/UT wise No. of IHHLs and CSCs constructed under SBM(G) upto 08.12.2025 S. No. State/ UT IHHL Constructed CSC Constructed 1 A & N Islands 23,337 320 2 Andhra Pradesh 44,41,712 15,485 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1,55,214 3,090 4 Assam 42,26,728 4,801 5 Bihar 1,40,33,575 9,435 6 Chhattisgarh 36,12,640 14,572 7 DNH & DD 21,928 69 8 Goa 30,361 589 9 Gujarat 44,28,651 8,194 10 Haryana 7,32,772 5,946 11 Himachal Pradesh 2,29,603 6,349 12 Jammu & Kashmir 14,29,056 6,131 13 Jharkhand 42,05,213 1,255 14 Karnataka 50,74,942 2,897 15 Kerala 2,72,484 2,087 16 Ladakh 22,879 433 17 Lakshadweep 10 22 18 Madhya Pradesh 77,80,144 19,793 19 Maharashtra 72,03,359 30,313 20 Manipur 2,77,553 1,152 21 Meghalaya 3,16,537 1,309 22 Mizoram 50,898 672 23 Nagaland 1,50,192 1,454 24 Odisha 75,40,708 3,721 25 Puducherry 29,846 11 26 Punjab 5,72,697 6,800 27 Rajasthan 85,74,156 27,205 28 Sikkim 25,775 734 29 Tamil Nadu 60,92,561 9,163 30 Telangana 31,46,533 6,071 31 Tripura 5,03,691 721 32 Uttar Pradesh 2,56,72,422 62,416 33 Uttarakhand 5,47,597 3,028 34 West Bengal 85,41,835 10,682 Total 11,99,67,609 2,66,920 Source: SBM(G) - IMIS Page 7 of 10Annex-III Annex mentioned in Statement referred to in reply of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 answered on 11.12.2025 State/UTs wise Tap Coverage in urban areas S. State / UT Total No. of urban No. of urban Households with Urban House-holds No. Households Household tap Connection Coverage (in %) 1. A &N Islands 48,154 48,154 100.00 2. A ndhra 4380,256 32,81,008 74.90 3. PA rraudneaschh al 1,35,050 50,967 37.74 4. PA rsasdaemsh 10,22,270 1,74,960 17.11 5. B ihar 28,11,338 23,94,741 85.18 6. C handigarh 3,13,580 3,03,083 96.65 7. C hhattisgarh 16,41,191 10,95,889 66.77 8. D NH & DD 44373 44,373 100.00 9. D elhi 40,09,814 36,21,384 90.31 10. G oa 1,20,844 1,20,844 100.00 11. G ujarat 75,93,306 70,76,618 93.20 12. H aryana 30,99,882 24,70,268 79.69 13. H imachal 2,48,537 2,02,566 81.50 14. PJ& raKde sh 9,80,232 7,53,187 76.84 15. Jh arkhand 17,69,039 6,64,692 37.57 16. K arnataka 70,80,680 53,73,766 75.89 17. K erala 23,18,753 16,29,847 70.29 18. L adakh 12,850 1,472 11.46 19. L akshadweep 0 0 0 20. M adhya 39,00,000 33,22,776 85.20 21. PM raahdaersahs htra 1,64,12,457 1,45,15,167 88.44 22. M anipur 1,83,116 73,143 39.94 23. M eghalaya 1,72,129 1,01,789 59.14 24. M izoram 1,71,884 1,13,825 66.22 25. N agaland 1,80,354 32,031 17.76 26. O disha 13,24,738 13,24,738 100.00 27. P uducherry 2,53,291 2,53,291 100.00 28. P unjab 26,76,537 24,60,673 91.93 29. R ajasthan 39,93,009 32,21,084 80.67 30. S ikkim 44,127 17,339 39.29 31. T amil Nadu 86,59,292 56,46,589 65.21 32. T elangana 40,22,960 38,10,003 94.71 33. T ripura 1,81,177 1,40,454 77.52 34. U ttar Pradesh 1,31,70,455 61,02,652 46.34 35. U ttarakhand 10,36,818 9,22,902 89.01 36. W est Bengal 62,55,544 62,55,544 100.00 Total 10,02,71,358 7,78,09,616 77.60 Page 8 of 10Annex-IV Annex mentioned in Statement referred to in reply of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 answered on 11.12.2025 No. of villages covered with Liquid Waste Management (LWM) arrangement upto 08.12.2025 S. No. State/ UT No. of villages covered with LWM 1 A & N Islands 233 2 Andhra Pradesh 10,562 3 Arunachal Pradesh 3,832 4 Assam 25,102 5 Bihar 35,331 6 Chhattisgarh 18,738 7 DNH & DD 98 8 Goa 343 9 Gujarat 17,004 10 Haryana 6,233 11 Himachal Pradesh 15,965 12 Jammu & Kashmir 6,182 13 Jharkhand 26,665 14 Karnataka 10,142 15 Kerala 1,377 16 Ladakh 240 17 Lakshadweep 10 18 Madhya Pradesh 50,777 19 Maharashtra 38,259 20 Manipur 122 21 Meghalaya 5,405 22 Mizoram 624 23 Nagaland 1,164 24 Odisha 45,235 25 Puducherry 37 26 Punjab 10,016 27 Rajasthan 42,819 28 Sikkim 400 29 Tamil Nadu 11,603 30 Telangana 9,569 31 Tripura 765 32 Uttar Pradesh 94,679 33 Uttarakhand 14,898 34 West Bengal 36,490 Total 5,40,919 Source: SBM(G) – IMIS Page 9 of 10Annex-V Annex mentioned in Statement referred to in reply of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 166 answered on 11.12.2025 State/UT-wise details of constructed Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) and community & public toilet seats under SBM-U S. No. of Individual Household No. of Community and State/UT No. Latrines (IHHL) Public Toilet Seats 1 Andhra Pradesh 2,43,764 17,799 2 A&N Islands 336 609 3 Arunachal Pradesh 11,606 89 4 Assam 78,788 3,356 5 Bihar 4,04,537 28,677 6 Chandigarh 6,117 2,512 7 Chhattisgarh 3,26,435 18,832 8 DNH & DD 2,378 615 9 Delhi 779 28,256 10 Goa 3,801 1,270 11 Gujarat 5,60,046 24,149 12 Haryana 66,751 11,374 13 Himachal Pradesh 6,743 1,700 14 Jammu and Kashmir 51,246 3,451 15 Jharkhand 2,18,700 9,643 16 Karnataka 3,93,278 36,556 17 Kerala 37,207 2,872 18 Ladakh 434 194 19 Madhya Pradesh 5,79,642 29,867 20 Maharashtra 7,23,892 1,66,465 21 Manipur 40,708 581 22 Meghalaya 1,604 152 23 Mizoram 15,607 1,324 24 Nagaland 21,471 238 25 Odisha 1,67,800 12,211 26 Puducherry 5,189 836 27 Punjab 1,03,683 11,522 28 Rajasthan 3,68,515 31,300 29 Sikkim 1,559 268 30 Tamil Nadu 5,46,299 92,744 31 Telangana 1,57,165 15,465 32 Tripura 24,858 1,089 33 Uttar Pradesh 9,00,438 70,370 34 Uttarakhand 29,111 4,694 35 West Bengal 2,82,542 5,746 Page 10 of 10