**Executive Summary**
This document is a response to Unstarred Question No. 351 in Lok Sabha, to be answered on 02.02.2026, regarding the issues of migrant and gig/platform workers. It details the registration status of these workers on the eShram portal in Maharashtra and their enrollment in various social security schemes as of 27.01.2026. It outlines the government's actions and plans to implement the Code on Social Security, 2020, to ensure social security coverage for these workers.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **eShram Portal and Registration:**
* The Ministry of Labour and Employment launched the eShram portal on 26.08.2021 to create a comprehensive national database of unorganized workers.
* As of 27.01.2026, 1,10,170 migrant workers and 1,34,705 platform workers are registered on the eShram portal in Maharashtra.
* **Code on Social Security, 2020:**
* The Code on Social Security, 2020 has been enforced on 21.11.2025 to consolidate and simplify social security laws into a single framework and extend social security coverage to all workers.
* It aims to ensure universal access to social security benefits, promote portability of benefits across employments and states, and clearly define the roles of governments, employers, and aggregators.
* The Code provides for framing suitable social security measures for gig and platform workers on matters relating to life and disability cover, accident insurance, health and maternity benefits, and old age protection.
* It also allows for the creation of a Social Security Fund for the social security and welfare of unorganized, gig, and platform workers.
* **Labour Codes and Worker Protections:**
* The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979 has been subsumed under the Occupational Safety, Health, and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020.
* The Labour Codes provide for decent working conditions, minimum wages, grievance redressal mechanisms, a toll-free helpline, and protection from abuse and exploitation for all categories of workers, including migrant workers.
**Impact Analysis**
**Impact: Migrant and Gig/Platform Workers**
* **Impact:** They are the direct beneficiaries of the eShram portal and the Code on Social Security, 2020, gaining access to social security schemes, improved working conditions, and grievance redressal mechanisms. Their enrollment in various social security schemes is detailed in Annexure-A and Annexure-B.
* **Action Required:** Register on the eShram portal and enroll in relevant social security schemes to avail of the benefits provided under the Code on Social Security, 2020.
**Impact: Central and State Governments**
* **Impact:** Responsible for framing appropriate schemes and leveraging technology for efficient delivery of social security benefits, as well as defining the roles of governments, employers, and aggregators.
* **Action Required:** Implement the Code on Social Security, 2020, frame necessary schemes, ensure efficient delivery of benefits, and clearly define the roles of all stakeholders involved.
**Impact: Employers and Aggregators**
* **Impact:** Expected to adhere to the provisions of the Code on Social Security, 2020, and contribute to providing comprehensive social protection to the workforce.
* **Action Required:** Understand their roles and responsibilities under the Code on Social Security, 2020, and ensure compliance with the requirements for providing social security to their workers.
Key Entities Referenced
Code on Social Security, 2020: A law aiming to consolidate and simplify existing social security laws into a single framework, providing social security to various worker categories including gig and platform workers.
eShram portal: A portal for creating a comprehensive national database of unorganised workers, including platform workers and migrant workers.
Maharashtra: The state in which the registration of migrant and platform workers on the eShram portal and their enrollment in social security schemes are being inquired about.
Ministry of Labour and Employment: The ministry responsible for launching the eShram portal and addressing issues related to migrant and gig/platform workers.
Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979: A law related to migrant workers, subsumed in the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 351
TO BE ANSWERED ON 02.02.2026
ISSUES OF MIGRANT AND GIG/PLATFORM WORKERS
351. MS. PRANITI SUSHILKUMAR SHINDE:
Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to
state:
(a)the details of the number of migrant workers and gig/platform
workers registered on the eShram portal in Maharashtra along with
the number of such workers covered under any other social
security scheme;
(b)whether the Government acknowledges that a majority of gig and
migrant workers in Maharashtra continue to work without minimum
wage protection, written contracts or effective social security and
if so, the details thereof; and
(c)the concrete steps taken or proposed to implement by the
Government to the Code on Social Security, 2020 and ensure time-
bound social security coverage for the said workers in
Maharashtra?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
(SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)
(a) to (c): The Ministry of Labour and Employment had launched
eShram portal on 26.08.2021 for creation of a Comprehensive
National Database of Unorganised Workers including platform
workers, migrant workers etc.
The details of migrant workers and platform workers
registered on eShram portal and enrolled under different social
security schemes in Maharashtra are annexed at Annexure-A and
Annexure-B respectively.
The Code on Social Security, 2020 has been enforced on
21.11.2025 with the objective to consolidate and simplify the
existing social security laws into a single framework and to extend
Contd..2/-:: 2 ::
social security coverage to all workers, including organized,
unorganized, gig, platform, and self-employed workers, by ensuring
universal access to social security benefits, promoting portability
of benefits across employments and States, enabling the Central
and State Governments to frame appropriate schemes, leveraging
technology for efficient delivery, and clearly defining the roles of
governments, employers, and aggregators in order to provide
comprehensive social protection to the workforce in line with
evolving labour market conditions.
For the first time, the definition of ‘gig workers’ and
‘platform workers’ and provisions related to the same have been
provided in the Code on Social Security, 2020. The Code provides
for framing of suitable social security measures for gig workers
and platform workers on matters relating to life and disability
cover, accident insurance, health and maternity benefits, old age
protection, etc. The Code has provisions for framing of suitable
welfare schemes for unorganised workers including migrant
workers on matters relating to life and disability cover, health and
maternity benefits, old age protection, education, etc. The Code
also provided for setting up of a Social Security Fund for social
security and welfare of the unorganised workers, gig workers and
platform workers.
The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of
Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979 has been
subsumed in the Occupational Safety, Health and Working
Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020. The labour codes provide for decent
working conditions, minimum wages, grievances redressal
mechanisms, toll free helpline, protection from abuse and
exploitation, and social security to all category of organised and
unorganized workers including migrant workers.
** *****Annexure-A
Annexure referred in reply to part (a) to (c) of the LoK Sabha Unstarred Question No.
351 for 02.02.2026.
Details of migrant workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra as on 27.01.2026 is as
under:
Sl. No. State Migrant In
1 Maharashtra 1,10,170
Details of migrant workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra enrolled under different
social security schemes as on 27.01.2026 is as under:
Sl.No. Schemes Enrollments
1 One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC)
69,772
2 Pradhan Mantri Street Vendors Atmanirbhar Nidhi (PMSVANidhi)
1,153
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme
3
(MGNREGS) 4,681
4 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)
1,025
5 Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) 9
6 Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
20
7 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U)
136
8 Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) -
9 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
6,694
10 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
24,121
Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-
11
PMJAY) 42,795
12 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
11,491
13 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandna Yojana (PMMVY)
1,065Annexure-B
Annexure referred in reply to part (a) to (c) of the LoK Sabha Unstarred Question No.
351 for 02.02.2026.
Details of Platform workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra as on 27.01.2026 is as
under:
Sl. No. State Registration Count
1 Maharashtra 1,34,705
Details of Platform workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra enrolled under
different social security schemes as on 27.01.2026 is as under:
Sl.No. Schemes Enrollments
1 One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC)
88,692
Pradhan Mantri Street Vendors Atmanirbhar Nidhi
2
(PMSVANidhi) 2,936
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme
3
(MGNREGS) 7,306
4 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G)
454
5 Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) 4
6 Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS)
18
7 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U)
220
8 Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) 4
9 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
1,722
10 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
13,972
Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-
11
PMJAY) 16,917
12 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)
10,227
13 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandna Yojana (PMMVY)
453
*****