Parliament Question: Issues of Migrant and Gig/Platform Workers

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 351 TO BE ANSWERED ON 02.02.2026 ISSUES OF MIGRANT AND GIG/PLATFORM WORKERS

351. MS. PRANITI SUSHILKUMAR SHINDE:

Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to

state:

(a)the details of the number of migrant workers and gig/platform workers registered on the eShram portal in Maharashtra along with the number of such workers covered under any other social security scheme;

(b)whether the Government acknowledges that a majority of gig and migrant workers in Maharashtra continue to work without minimum wage protection, written contracts or effective social security and if so, the details thereof; and

(c)the concrete steps taken or proposed to implement by the Government to the Code on Social Security, 2020 and ensure time- bound social security coverage for the said workers in Maharashtra? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT (SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)

(a) to (c): The Ministry of Labour and Employment had launched eShram portal on 26.08.2021 for creation of a Comprehensive National Database of Unorganised Workers including platform workers, migrant workers etc.

The details of migrant workers and platform workers registered on eShram portal and enrolled under different social security schemes in Maharashtra are annexed at Annexure-A and Annexure-B respectively.

The Code on Social Security, 2020 has been enforced on

21.11.2025 with the objective to consolidate and simplify the existing social security laws into a single framework and to extend Contd..2/-:: 2 :: social security coverage to all workers, including organized, unorganized, gig, platform, and self-employed workers, by ensuring universal access to social security benefits, promoting portability of benefits across employments and States, enabling the Central and State Governments to frame appropriate schemes, leveraging technology for efficient delivery, and clearly defining the roles of governments, employers, and aggregators in order to provide comprehensive social protection to the workforce in line with evolving labour market conditions.

For the first time, the definition of ‘gig workers’ and ‘platform workers’ and provisions related to the same have been

provided in the Code on Social Security, 2020. The Code provides for framing of suitable social security measures for gig workers and platform workers on matters relating to life and disability cover, accident insurance, health and maternity benefits, old age protection, etc. The Code has provisions for framing of suitable welfare schemes for unorganised workers including migrant workers on matters relating to life and disability cover, health and maternity benefits, old age protection, education, etc. The Code also provided for setting up of a Social Security Fund for social security and welfare of the unorganised workers, gig workers and platform workers.

The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979 has been subsumed in the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions (OSH) Code, 2020. The labour codes provide for decent working conditions, minimum wages, grievances redressal mechanisms, toll free helpline, protection from abuse and exploitation, and social security to all category of organised and unorganized workers including migrant workers.

** *****Annexure-A Annexure referred in reply to part (a) to (c) of the LoK Sabha Unstarred Question No.

351 for 02.02.2026.

Details of migrant workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra as on 27.01.2026 is as

under:

Sl. No. State Migrant In 1 Maharashtra 1,10,170 Details of migrant workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra enrolled under different social security schemes as on 27.01.2026 is as under:

Sl.No. Schemes Enrollments 1 One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) 69,772 2 Pradhan Mantri Street Vendors Atmanirbhar Nidhi (PMSVANidhi) 1,153 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme 3

(MGNREGS) 4,681 4 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) 1,025 5 Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) 9 6 Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) 20 7 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) 136 8 Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) - 9 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) 6,694 10 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) 24,121 Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB- 11 PMJAY) 42,795 12 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) 11,491 13 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandna Yojana (PMMVY) 1,065Annexure-B Annexure referred in reply to part (a) to (c) of the LoK Sabha Unstarred Question No.

351 for 02.02.2026.

Details of Platform workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra as on 27.01.2026 is as

under:

Sl. No. State Registration Count 1 Maharashtra 1,34,705 Details of Platform workers registered on eShram portal in Maharashtra enrolled under different social security schemes as on 27.01.2026 is as under:

Sl.No. Schemes Enrollments 1 One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) 88,692 Pradhan Mantri Street Vendors Atmanirbhar Nidhi 2

(PMSVANidhi) 2,936 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme 3

(MGNREGS) 7,306 4 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) 454 5 Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS) 4 6 Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) 18 7 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U) 220 8 Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) 4 9 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) 1,722 10 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) 13,972 Ayushman Bharat - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB- 11 PMJAY) 16,917 12 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) 10,227 13 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandna Yojana (PMMVY) 453 *****