**Executive Summary:**
The Ministry of Labour and Employment addressed a question regarding inter-state migrant workers. As of August 5, 2025, over 30.98 crore unorganized workers, including migrant workers, have registered on the eShram portal. The eShram portal serves as a national database and "One-Stop-Solution" for these workers, integrating various social security schemes.
**Key Points / Main Content:**
* **eShram Portal and Database:**
* The eShram portal, launched on August 26, 2021, creates a national database of unorganized workers, including migrant workers, seeded with Aadhaar.
* It facilitates the delivery of Social Security and Welfare Schemes to registered workers.
* Workers can self-register on the portal.
* **eShram "One-Stop-Solution":**
* Launched on October 21, 2024, it integrates different social security welfare schemes on the eShram portal.
* Allows registered workers to access social security schemes and view availed benefits.
* **Integrated Schemes:**
* Fourteen schemes from various Central Ministries/Departments have been integrated with eShram.
* These schemes extend social security, insurance, or skill development benefits to eShram cardholders.
* Examples include PMSVANidhi, PMSBY, PMJJBY, NFBS, MGNREGS, PMAYG, ABPMJAY, PMAYU, PMMSY and PMMVY.
* **Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act:**
* The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979, safeguards the interests of migrant workers.
* It provides for registration of establishments employing inter-state migrant workers and licensing of contractors.
* Ensures minimum wages, journey allowance, displacement allowance, residential accommodation, and medical facilities.
* Enforcement is conducted by the Central Industrial Relations Machinery (CIRM) in the Central Sphere.
* State Governments are mandated to enforce the Act in the State Sphere.
* **Registration Numbers:**
* The first three States with the largest number of unorganized workers including migrant workers registered on eShram portal are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
**Impact Analysis**
* **Unorganized Workers (including Migrant Workers):**
* *Impact:* Access to a centralized database for social security and welfare schemes, potential for improved access to benefits and services.
* *Action Required:* Register on the eShram portal to avail benefits.
* **Ministry of Labour and Employment:**
* *Impact:* Responsible for maintaining and managing the eShram portal and ensuring its effective implementation.
* *Action Required:* Continue to integrate schemes, maintain the database, and oversee enforcement of the Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act.
* **Central and State Governments:**
* *Impact:* Required to integrate their schemes with the eShram portal and ensure the delivery of benefits to registered workers. State Governments are mandated to enforce the Act, in the State Sphere.
* *Action Required:* Coordinate with the Ministry of Labour and Employment for scheme integration and ensure effective implementation and enforcement at their respective levels.
* **Employers/Contractors employing Inter-State Migrant Workers:**
* *Impact:* Subject to the provisions of the Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act, including registration and licensing requirements.
* *Action Required:* Comply with the Act by registering their establishments, obtaining licenses, and ensuring the provision of mandated facilities and benefits to migrant workers.
Key Entities Referenced
eShram portal: A National Database of the Unorganised Workers launched by the Ministry of Labour & Employment, seeded with Aadhaar, to facilitate delivery of Social Security and Welfare Schemes to unorganised workers including migrant workers.
Uttar Pradesh: One of the first three States with the largest number of unorganized workers including migrant workers registered on eShram portal.
Bihar: One of the first three States with the largest number of unorganized workers including migrant workers registered on eShram portal.
West Bengal: One of the first three States with the largest number of unorganized workers including migrant workers registered on eShram portal.
Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979: An act enacted by the Parliament to safeguard the interest of the Migrant workers. It provides for registration of certain establishments employing Inter-State Migrant Workers, licensing of contractors etc.
Ministry of Labour and Employment: The Indian government ministry responsible for labour and employment policies.
Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY): A social security scheme integrated with the eShram portal to extend benefits to eShram cardholders.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS): A social security scheme integrated with the eShram portal to extend benefits to eShram cardholders.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3607
TO BE ANSWERED ON 11.08.2025
MIGRANT WORKERS
3607. SHRI SHAFI PARAMBIL:
Will the Minister of LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT be pleased to
state:
(a) the details of the inter-State migrant workers in the country,
State/UT-wise;
(b) whether the Government has data on the States from which the
workers migrate to another State;
(c) if so, the name of the first three States from which largest number
of workers migrated to other States; and
(d) the details of the welfare measures facilitated by the
Government to inter-State migrant workers?
ANSWER
MINISTER OF STATE FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
(SUSHRI SHOBHA KARANDLAJE)
(a) to (d): The Ministry of Labour & Employment has launched
eShram portal, a National Database of the Unorganised Workers on
26th August, 2021. The main objective of the eShram portal is to
create a national database of unorganised workers including migrant
workers seeded with Aadhaar, and facilitate delivery under existing
Social Security and Welfare Schemes to such workers. It allows an
unorganised worker to register himself or herself on the portal on a
self- declaration basis. As on 05.08.2025, over 30.98 crore
unorganized workers including migrant workers have registered on
eShram portal. State-wise number of unorganized workers including
migrant workers registered on eShram portal is annexed.
The first three States with the largest number of
unorganized workers including migrant workers registered on
eShram portal are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
Contd..2/-:: 2 ::
In keeping with the vision of the Budget Announcement,
2024-25, on developing eShram as a "One-Stop-Solution" for
unorganized workers including migrant workers to have access to
various social security schemes, Ministry of Labour and Employment
launched the eShram- "One-Stop-Solution" on 21st October 2024.
eShram-"One-Stop- Solution" entails integration of different social
security/ welfare schemes on a single portal i.e. eShram. This enables
unorganised workers, including migrant workers, registered on
eShram to access social security schemes and see benefits availed
by them so far, through eShram.
So far, fourteen (14) schemes of different Central
Ministries/ Departments have already been integrated/ mapped with
the eShram to extend benefits and access to social security,
insurance or skill development programmes to eShram cardholders
including Pradhan Mantri Street Vendors Atmanirbhar Nidhi
(PMSVANidhi), Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana
(PMSBY),Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY),
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS), Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Pradhan Mantri
Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G), Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri
Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban
(PMAY-U), Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY) and
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandna Yojana (PMMVY).
In order to safeguard the interest of the Migrant workers,
the Parliament has enacted the Inter-State Migrant Workmen
(Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Services) Act, 1979
which, inter alia, provides for registration of certain establishments
employing Inter-State Migrant Workers, licensing of contractors etc.
Workers employed with such establishment are to be provided
payment of minimum wages, journey allowance, displacement
allowance, residential accommodation, medical facilities protective
clothing etc.
The enforcement authorities under Central Industrial
Relations Machinery (CIRM) conduct regular inspections of the
registered establishments and licensed contractors in the Central
Sphere. The State Governments are mandated to enforce the Act, in
the State Sphere.
* *****ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) TO (d) OF LOK SABHA UN-STARRED
QUESTION NO. 3607 FOR 11.08.2025 REGARDING “MIGRANT WORKERS” RAISED BY SHRI
SHAFI PARAMBIL, MP(LS).
States/UTs -wise number of unorganised workers including migrant workers registered on eShram
portal, as on 05.08.2025
S. States Registration on eShram Portal as on
N. 05.08.2025
1. ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS 34,455
2. ANDHRA PRADESH 86,18,260
3. ARUNACHAL PRADESH 2,09,908
4. ASSAM 77,13,924
5. BIHAR 3,00,29,469
6. CHANDIGARH 1,88,480
7. CHHATTISGARH 86,03,259
8. DELHI 35,79,202
9. GOA 82,998
10. GUJARAT 1, 21,79,153
11. HARYANA 54,02,184
12. HIMACHAL PRADESH 20,03,493
13. JAMMU AND KASHMIR 35,99,050
14. JHARKHAND 96,94,965
15. KARNATAKA 1,08,88,631
16. KERALA 60,66,525
17. LADAKH 34,686
18. LAKSHADWEEP 2,843
19. MADHYA PRADESH 1,89,30,439
20. MAHARASHTRA 1,78,55,616
21. MANIPUR 4,63,867
22. MEGHALAYA 3,52,419
23. MIZORAM 72,255
24. NAGALAND 2,38,334
25. ODISHA 1,36,07,406
26. PUDUCHERRY 1,94,804
27. PUNJAB 58,63,282
28. RAJASTHAN 1,49,06,374
29. SIKKIM 48,796
30. TAMIL NADU 93,15,434
31. TELANGANA 45,42,660
32. T HE DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI AND 75,408
DAMAN AND DIU
33. TRIPURA 8,96,317
34. UTTAR PRADESH 8,39,81,159
35. UTTARAKHAND 30,86,316
36. WEST BENGAL 2,64,81,453
Total 30,98,43,824
******