This document summarizes the Indian Ministry of Corporate Affairs' response to Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 3677, answered on August 11, 2025, regarding pending cases before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT). The Ministry acknowledges the issue of long-pending cases and recognizes investor concerns related to delays in resolution and recovery.
The number of pending cases before NCLT as of March 31st of each financial year is as follows:
* 2016-2017: 6,256
* 2017-2018: 10,426
* 2018-2019: 16,643
* 2019-2020: 21,532
* 2020-2021: 20,654
* 2021-2022: 21,312
* 2022-2023: 21,424
* 2023-2024: 19,793
* 2024-2025: 14,961
As of March 31, 2025, the sector-wise breakdown of ongoing Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) cases is: Construction (288), Electricity (38), Hotels & Restaurants (34), Manufacturing (538), Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities (510), Transport, Storage & Communications (56), Wholesale & Retail Trade (196), and Others (266), totaling 1926 cases.
The sector-wise breakdown of ongoing Liquidation cases as of March 31, 2025, is: Construction (147), Electricity (44), Hotels & Restaurants (25), Manufacturing (522), Real Estate, Renting & Business Activities (247), Transport, Storage & Communications (52), Wholesale & Retail Trade (168), and Others (179), totaling 1384 cases.
The government is actively taking steps to expedite case disposal, including implementing e-court and hybrid court projects, conducting regular capacity-building colloquiums for members, providing infrastructure, and filling vacancies. Furthermore, the government has implemented six legislative amendments to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, and introduced over 100 changes to the regulations to strengthen the insolvency resolution framework and enhance procedural efficiency.
Key Entities Referenced
National Company Law Tribunal: A quasi-judicial body in India that deals with corporate disputes.
Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process: A process under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 for resolving the insolvency of a corporate debtor.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016: The primary law in India dealing with insolvency and bankruptcy.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs: A ministry in the Government of India responsible for matters related to corporate affairs.
Harsh Malhotra: Minister of State for the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
LOK SABHA: The lower house of the Parliament of India.
Sajda Ahmed: A member of parliament who raised a question about pending cases before the NCLT.
e-court project: An initiative to implement electronic case management and court proceedings.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS
LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3677
ANSWERED ON MONDAY, THE 11th of AUGUST, 2025/
SRAVANA 20, 1947 (SAKA)
PENDING CASES BEFORE NCLT
QUESTION
3677. SMT. SAJDA AHMED :
Will the Minister of CORPORATE AFFAIRS be pleased to state:
(a) whether the Government is aware of long-pending cases before the National
Company Law Tribunal (NCLT);
(b) if so, the total number of pending cases, year-wise and sector-wise;
(c) whether the Government recognises investor concerns arising from delays in
resolution and recovery;
(d) the steps taken/being taken to strengthen functioning of NCLT and improve
investor confidence; and
(e) whether any reforms or accountability measures are proposed for time-bound
resolution and if so, the details thereof?
MINISTER OF STATE FOR THE MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS
AND MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS
(HARSH MALHOTRA)
(a) & (b) National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body. The
pendency of cases in NCLT depends on circumstances and complexity of each case,
nature of evidence, number of Interlocutory Applications (IA), stay by the higher
courts in many cases, cooperation of stakeholders etc. The year-wise pendency of
cases in NCLT is as under:
Year Pending Cases as on
31st March of the
Financial Year
2016-2017 6,256
2017-2018 10,426
2018-2019 16,643
2019-2020 21,532
2020-2021 20,654
2021-2022 21,312
2022-2023 21,424
2023-2024 19,793
2024-2025 14,961The Sector wise details of ongoing cases under Corporate Insolvency Resolution
Process (CIRP) and Liquidation as on 31.03.2025 are at Annexure.
(c) to (e) To facilitate expeditious disposal, Government is taking necessary steps
on an ongoing basis, which include implementation of e-court and hybrid court
project, regular colloquiums for capacity building of members, provisions of
infrastructure, filling up of vacancies, etc. Further, the Government has
undertaken six legislative amendments to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code,
2016 (IBC) and introduced over 100 changes to the regulations since its inception,
to strengthen the insolvency resolution framework and enhance procedural
efficiency.
***********ANNEXURE
Sector wise details of Ongoing CIRP cases as on 31/03/2025
Sector Number of cases
Construction 288
Electricity & Others 38
Hotels & Restaurants 34
Manufacturing 538
Real Estate, Renting And Business Activities 510
Transport, Storage & Communications 56
Wholesale and Retail Trade 196
Others 266
Total 1926
Sector wise details of Ongoing Liquidation cases as on 31/03/2025
Sector Number of cases
Construction 147
Electricity & Others 44
Hotels & Restaurants 25
Manufacturing 522
Real Estate, Renting And Business Activities 247
Transport, Storage & Communications 52
Wholesale and Retail Trade 168
Others 179
Total 1384