Official Gazette Notification Text
Official TranscriptO.I.H. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 446 ANSWERED ON 24/03/2026 RURBAN CLUSTERS UNDER SPMRM *446. Shri Dilip Saikia: Shri Shashank Mani: Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state: (a) the details of Rurban clusters approved under the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) indicating Phase I...
O.I.H.
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. 446 ANSWERED ON 24/03/2026 RURBAN CLUSTERS UNDER SPMRM *446. Shri Dilip Saikia:
Shri Shashank Mani:
Will the Minister of RURAL DEVELOPMENT be pleased to state:
(a) the details of Rurban clusters approved under the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) indicating Phase I and Phase II separately, State and district-wise including Chhattishgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha particularly Jalore and Sirohi districts of Rajasthan, Dewas, Shajapur and Shahdol Lok Sabha Constituencies of Madhya Pradesh;
(b) the total number of gram panchayats and villages covered under these clusters, State and district-wise including the said places;
(c) the criteria adopted for selection of clusters particularly in Aspirational Districts and Left Wing Extremism affected areas, including consideration for economically backward areas and rural growth centres including in Madhya Pradesh;
(d) whether any mid-term evaluation has been undertaken to assess that the selected clusters are economically viable and strategically located; and
(e) if so, the details of such evaluation and its findings particularly with respect to clusters benefitted including in Dewas and Shajapur Lok Sabha Constituencies? ANSWER MINISTER OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (SHRI SHIVRAJ SINGH CHOUHAN)
(a) to (e): A statement is laid on the Table of the House.
Page 1 of 26STATEMENT REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PARTS (a) to (e) OF LOK SABHA STARRED QUESTION NO. *446 TO BE ANSWERED ON
24.03.2026 REGARDING “RURBAN CLUSTERS UNDER SPMRM”
(a) & (b): Under the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission
(SPMRM), 196 Rurban clusters covering 1851 Gram Panchayats were approved in Phase-I and Phase-II. The details of the Rurban Clusters, State & District wise approved in Phase-I & II is at Annexure-1. No cluster under SPMRM was approved in Phase-I and Phase-II in Lok Sabha Constituencies Dewas, Shajapur and Shahdol of Madhya Pradesh.
(c): Two categories of clusters were made under the SPMRM i.e.
Non-Tribal and Tribal clusters. The criteria of selection under tribal and non-tribal differs slightly. The criteria adopted for selecting potential locations for developing urban clusters in non-tribal areas
was as follows: i. Decadal growth in rural population, ii. Decadal growth in non-farm work participation, iii. Presence of economic clusters, iv. Presence of places of tourism and religious significance.
v. Proximity to transport corridors.
The selection criteria for tribal clusters were as under: i. Decadal growth in tribal population, ii. Current tribal literacy rate, iii. Decadal growth in non-farm workforce participation, iv. Decadal growth in rural population v. Presence of economic clusters Among both these categories of clusters the States were given the freedom to further select the clusters of specific criteria and assign them weightage as per guidelines.
(d) & (e): Under SPMRM, mid-term evaluation of Rurban clusters have been undertaken by universities/ institutes for different zones to assess if the broad objectives of SPMRM have been met. These studies were undertaken during the implementation of SPMRM. The details of the evaluation undertaken is given at Annexure-II.
The SPMRM was a unique program designed to deliver catalytic interventions to rural areas experiencing growth. The mission was based on an understanding that in rural areas, a cluster showing growth and urbanizing potential can be treated as an integrated unit Page 2 of 26for overall economic development. Since, the Rurban clusters under the Mission were identified as per specific criteria (may refer to cluster selection criteria in part c) after considering economic viability and strategic locations. Since economically viability and strategic location of a cluster have been built in the design of the programme as a selection criteria, it was not required to be covered as part of the evaluation. The districts of Dewas and Shahjapur were not part of Phase -I or Phase -II of SPMRM. Hence, were not part of any evaluation studies.
***** Page 3 of 26Annexure-I Annexure referred to in reply to parts (a) & (b) of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 446 to be answered on 24.03.2026 Rurban Clusters approved in Phase-I (101 Clusters) No.
Cluster State name District name Cluster name Block name Category of type GP Agriculture Cluster, Animal Andhra Husbandary Non- Anantapur Kambadur Kambadur 12 pradesh Cluster, tribal Horticulture Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Andhra Non- Chittoor Kuppam Kuppam Animal 8 pradesh tribal Husbandary Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Andhra Non- Prakasam Singarayakonda Singarayakonda Cluster, 7 pradesh tribal Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Andhra Agriculture Non- Spsr nellore Venkatachalam Venkatachalam 18 pradesh Cluster tribal Agriculture Andhra Visakhapatanam Arakuvalley Araku valley Cluster, Tourism Tribal 11 pradesh Cluster, Arunachal Upper siang Tuting cluster Tuting Tourism Cluster Tribal 6 pradesh Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Non- Assam Kamrup Hajo rurban cluster Hajo Cluster, 3 tribal Manufacturing Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Bokajan rurban Assam Karbi anglong Bokajan Horticulture Tribal 5 cluster Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Non- Bihar Gaya Nauranga Manpur Tourism Cluster 4 tribal Page 4 of 26Agriculture Non- Bihar Patna Bairiya Sampatchak 3 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Bihar Rohtas Kuchhila Kochas 4 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Bihar Saharsa Sonbarsa Sonbarsa 4 Cluster tribal Agriculture Chhattisgarh Bastar Madpal Jagdalpur Tribal 13 Cluster Agriculture Non- Chhattisgarh Dhamtari Loharsi Dhamtari 14 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Chhattisgarh Kabirdham Kunda Pandariya 18 Cluster tribal Agriculture Chhattisgarh Rajnandgaon Murmunda Dongarghar Tribal 14 Cluster Dadra and Agriculture nagar haveli Dadra and nagar Dadra nagar Cluster, Organic Non- Sayli 7 and daman haveli haveli Farming Cluster, tribal and diu Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Non- Goa South goa Xeldem Quepem Cluster, 11 tribal Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Gujarat Arvalli Shamalaji Bhiloda Tribal 2 Cluster Manufacturing Gujarat Banas kantha Ambaji Danta Cluster, Tribal 1 Tourism Cluster, Non- Gujarat Devbhumi dwarka Vadinar Khambhalia Tourism Cluster 14 tribal Manufacturing Non- Gujarat Morbi Ravapar Morvi 5 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Haryana Ambala Mullana Barara 14 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Haryana Fatehabad Samain Tohana 9 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Haryana Jhajjar Badli Badli 19 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Haryana Jind Uchana khurd Uchana 15 Cluster tribal
1.assandh Agriculture Non- Haryana Karnal Balla 5
2.munak Cluster tribal
1.khol at rewari Agriculture Non- Haryana Rewari Kosli 17
2.nahar Cluster tribal Agriculture Himachal Kinnaur Sangla Kalpa Cluster, Tribal 7 pradesh Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Himachal Non- Solan Hinner Kandaghat Horticulture 7 pradesh tribal Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Page 5 of 26Jammu and Agriculture Non- Jammu Gole gujral Marh 2 kashmir Cluster tribal Agriculture Cluster, Animal Non- Jharkhand Dhanbad Palani Baliapur Husbandary 7 tribal Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Jharkhand East singhbum Dharambahal Ghatshila Manufacturing Tribal 2 Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Non- Jharkhand Giridih Bhandaridih Giridih Fisheries 10 tribal Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Non- Karnataka Belagavi Kangrali Belagavi 4 tribal Agriculture Non- Karnataka Bengaluru urban Haragadde Anekal 4 Cluster tribal Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Karnataka Vijayanagar 114 danapura Hosapete Education Health Tribal 2 Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Puthenvelikkara - 1.alangad Non- Kerala Ernakulam Cluster, 2 kunnukara cluster 2.parakkadav tribal Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Mangattidom - Non- Kerala Kannur Kuthuparamba Manufacturing 2 kottayam cluster tribal Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Puthuppally - 1.pallom Non- Kerala Kottayam Education Health 2 manarcad cluster 2.pampady tribal Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Page 6 of 26Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Vellanad - aryanad Non- Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Vellanad Cluster, 2 cluster tribal Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Ladakh Leh ladakh Spituk cluster Leh Tourism Cluster Tribal 3 Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Madhya Non- Bhopal Gunga Berasia Organic Farming 13 pradesh tribal Cluster, Services Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Madhya Cluster, Non- Bhopal Ratibad Phanda 13 pradesh Organic Farming tribal Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Madhya Non- Chhatarpur Achhat Chhatarpur Horticulture 12 pradesh tribal Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Madhya Organic Farming Chhindwara Delakhadi Tamia Tribal 9 pradesh Cluster Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Madhya Non- Indore Nawdapanth Indore Cluster, 7 pradesh tribal Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Madhya Horticulture Non- Indore Simrol Mhow 5 pradesh Cluster, tribal Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Madhya Seoni Kanhiwada Seoni Education Health Tribal 7 pradesh Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Non- Maharashtra Aurangabad Jogeshwari Gangapur 5 Cluster tribal Page 7 of 26Agriculture Non- Maharashtra Beed Shirsala Parali v . Cluster, 19 tribal Services Cluster, Agriculture Non- Maharashtra Buldhana Sultanpur Lonar 13 Cluster tribal Agriculture Cluster, Animal Maharashtra Jalgaon Hartala Muktainagar Tribal 6 Husbandary Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Non- Maharashtra Jalna Ashti Partur 14 Cluster tribal Agriculture Cluster, Non- Maharashtra Nagpur Wadoda Kamptee 19 Services Cluster, tribal Tourism Cluster, Non- Maharashtra Pune Loni kalbhor Haveli Services Cluster 7 tribal
1.thoubal Education Health Non- Manipur Thoubal Khangabok 2.wangjing cd 6 Cluster tribal block Agriculture
1.jampui hills Cluster, Meghalaya North garo hills Chisim apal Tribal 28
2.resubelpara Horticulture Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Non- Mizoram Aizawl Aibawk Aibawk 11 Cluster, tribal Horticulture Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster,
1.jalukie Fisheries Nagaland Peren Pedi (ngwalwa) Tribal 6
2.peren Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Non- Odisha Cuttack Talabasta Banki- dampara 5 Cluster tribal Non- Odisha Jharsuguda Samasingha Kolabira 6 tribal Manufacturing Odisha Kalahandi Utkela Kesinga Tribal 4 Cluster Non- Odisha Khordha Ranipada Banapur Tourism Cluster 4 tribal Page 8 of 26Odisha Mayurbhanj Thakurmunda Thakurmunda Tribal 3 Agriculture Cluster, Non- Punjab Amritsar Harsha chhina Harshe chhina 18 Horticulture tribal Cluster, Agriculture Non- Punjab Bathinda Dhapali Phul 21 Cluster tribal Agriculture Cluster, Non- Rajasthan Barmer Majiwala Baltora Education Health 5 tribal Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Education Health Non- Rajasthan Bharatpur Jurehera Kaman Cluster, 9 tribal Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Non- Rajasthan Jodhpur Salawas Luni Education Health 6 tribal Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Non- Rajasthan Nagaur Budsoo Makrana Education Health 7 tribal Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Rajasthan Udaipur Gogunda Gogunda Education Health Tribal 2 Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Non- Sikkim East district Namcheybong Pakyong 4 Cluster, tribal Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Manufacturing Non- Tamil nadu Coimbatore Madukkarai Madukkarai 9 Cluster tribal
1.kalaiyarkoil Agriculture Non- Tamil nadu Sivaganga Vaniyangudi 7
2.sivaganga Cluster tribal Manufacturing Non- Tamil nadu Thiruvallur Kuthambakkam Poonamallee 11 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Tamil nadu Tirunelveli Suthamalli Manur 14 Cluster tribal
1.avanashi Manufacturing Non- Tamil nadu Tiruppur Velayuthampalayam 6
2.uttukkuli Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Telangana Kamareddy Jukkal Jukkal 33 Cluster tribal Kumuram bheem Agriculture Telangana Chirrakunta Asifabad Tribal 27 asifabad Cluster Page 9 of 26Agriculture Non- Telangana Sangareddy Ryakal Narayankhed 51 Cluster tribal Agriculture Non- Telangana Vikarabad Allapur.s Tandur 33 Cluster tribal Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Non- Tripura Sepahijala Nirbhoypur Kathalia 14 Cluster, tribal Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Non- Tripura South tripura Hrishyamukh Hrishyamukh 15 Cluster, tribal Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Agriculture Uttar Non- Chitrakoot Kasahai Karwi Cluster, Tourism 15 pradesh tribal Cluster, Agriculture Uttar Non- Chitrakoot Mau mustakil Mau Cluster, Tourism 15 pradesh tribal Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Uttar Non- Firozabad Rudhahu mustakil Tundla Cluster, 5 pradesh tribal Horticulture Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Uttar Gautam buddha Cluster, Non- Chitehera Dadri 11 pradesh nagar Horticulture tribal Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Page 10 of 26Warehousing Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Uttar Non- Ghaziabad Dasna dehat Rajapur Cluster, 1 pradesh tribal Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Uttar Education Health Non- Kushi nagar Bansgaon Dudhahi 5 pradesh Cluster, tribal Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Education Health Uttar Non- Lucknow Juggaur cluster Chinhat Cluster, 10 pradesh tribal Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Uttar Patehara kala urf Non- Mirzapur Patehra Cluster, 15 pradesh kubri patehara tribal Services Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Non- Uttarakhand Dehradun Ranipokhari Doiwala 11 Horticulture tribal Cluster, Agriculture Non- Uttarakhand Haridwar Bhagtanpur abidpur Bahadrabad 7 Cluster tribal Horticulture West bengal Bankura Molian Hirbandh Cluster, Services Tribal 1 Cluster, Agriculture Cluster, Chinsurah- Horticulture Non- West bengal Hooghly Chandrahati-i 1 magrah Cluster, tribal Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Agriculture Non- West bengal Hooghly Garalgachha Chanditala-ii Cluster, Services 1 tribal Cluster, Page 11 of 26Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non- West bengal Hooghly Jayerdwarbasini Pandua Cluster, 1 tribal Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Kshirkundi- Non- West bengal Hooghly Pandua Services Cluster 1 namajgram-niyasa tribal Agriculture Cluster, Horticulture Non- West bengal Howrah Jalabiswanathpur Panchla Cluster, 1 tribal Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Agriculture Non- West bengal Howrah Parbatipur Domjur Cluster, Services 1 tribal Cluster, Total GP Covered in phase -I 935 Rurban Clusters approved in Phase-II (95 Clusters) State name District name Cluster name Block name Category Cluster No.
type of GPs Andaman and South Ferrargunj 1.ferrargunj Agriculture Non- 19 nicobar andamans 2.prothrapur Cluster, tribal islands Fisheries Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Andhra Guntur Nuzendla Nuzendla Agriculture Non- 23 pradesh Cluster, Animal tribal Husbandary Cluster, Andhra Krishna Chandarlapadu Chandarlapadu Agriculture Non- 14 pradesh Cluster tribal Andhra Kurnool Alur Alur Agriculture Non- 11 pradesh Cluster, tribal Manufacturing Cluster, Andhra Srikakulam Sompeta Sompeta Agriculture Non- 11 pradesh Cluster tribal Andhra Vizianagaram Garividi Garividi Agriculture Non- 20 pradesh Cluster tribal Andhra Y.s.r. Nandalur Nandalur Agriculture Non- 12 pradesh Cluster tribal Arunachal West kameng Nafra rurban cluster Nafra Education Tribal 14 pradesh Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Assam Cachar Kalain rurban cluster Kalain Animal Non- 3 Husbandary tribal Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Page 12 of 26Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Assam Lakhimpur Bihpuria rurban 1.bihpuria Agriculture Non- 3 cluster 2.narayanpur Cluster, tribal Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Assam Lakhimpur Dhakuwakhana Dhakuakhana Agriculture Tribal 3 rurban cluster Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Bihar Pashchim Barwat pasrain Bettiah Agriculture Non- 4 champaran Cluster tribal Bihar Purnia Khokha Srinagar Agriculture Non- 4 Cluster tribal Bihar Samastipur Kariyan Shivaji nagar Animal Non- 3 Husbandary tribal Cluster Chhattisgarh Janjgir- Jetha Sakti Agriculture Non- 11 champa Cluster tribal Chhattisgarh Kanker Badekapsi Koilebeda Agriculture Tribal 5 Cluster Chhattisgarh Korba Hardibazar Pali Agriculture Tribal 4 Cluster Chhattisgarh Korea Sonhat Sonhat Agriculture Non- 20 Cluster tribal Chhattisgarh Mahasamund Bhnwarpur Basna Agriculture Non- 14 Cluster tribal Chhattisgarh Surguja Raghunathpur Lundra Agriculture Tribal 4 Cluster Dadra and Daman Moti daman Daman Education Non- 4 nagar haveli Health Cluster, tribal and daman Services and diu Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Goa North goa Saligao Bardez Agriculture Non- 6 Cluster, tribal Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Gujarat Mahesana Becharaji Bechraji Tourism Cluster Non- 7 tribal Gujarat Morbi Tikar Halvad Manufacturing Non- 11 Cluster tribal Gujarat Panch mahals Morva Morvahadaf Agriculture Tribal 11 Cluster Gujarat Surat Umarpada Umarpada Agriculture Tribal 6 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Page 13 of 26Gujarat Valsad Sanjan Umbergaon Manufacturing Tribal 4 Cluster Haryana Panchkula Ganeshpur Pinjore Tourism Cluster Non- 14 tribal Haryana Panipat Sewah Panipat Agriculture Non- 9 Cluster tribal Himachal Mandi Aut Mandi sadar Agriculture Non- 6 pradesh Cluster, tribal Tourism Cluster, Jammu and Kupwara Khumriyal 1.kalarooch2.wavoora Agriculture Non- 5 kashmir Cluster tribal Jharkhand Bokaro Siyaljori Chandankiyari Agriculture Non- 5 Cluster, Animal tribal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Jharkhand Gumla Karaundi Gumla Agriculture Tribal 2 Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Jharkhand Hazaribagh Gauriya karma Barhi Agriculture Non- 6 Cluster, Animal tribal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Jharkhand Khunti Birhu Khunti Agriculture Tribal 2 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Jharkhand West Dudhbila Noamundi Agriculture Tribal 2 singhbhum Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Page 14 of 26Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Karnataka Gadag Hulakoti Gadag Agriculture Non- 3 Cluster, Animal tribal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Karnataka Raichur Gurugunta Lingsugur Agriculture Tribal 2 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Kerala Alappuzha Kanjikuzhy - 1.kanjikkuzhy Agriculture Non- 2 mararikulam north 2.pattanakkad Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster,Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Kerala Kannur Chembilode- Edakkad Agriculture Non- 2 peralassery cluster Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Page 15 of 26Kerala Malappuram Edappal Ponnani Agriculture Non- 2 vattamkulam cluster Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Kerala Thrissur Punnayoorkulam Chavakkad Agriculture Non- 2 vadakkekkad rurban Cluster, tribal cluster Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Lakshadweep Lakshadweep Amini Amini Agriculture Non- 1 Cluster, Animal tribal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Betul Deshawadi Shahpur Agriculture Tribal 7 pradesh Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Dhar Gunawad Dhar Agriculture Tribal 14 pradesh Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Page 16 of 26Madhya Gwalior Chhimak Dabra Agriculture Non- 14 pradesh Cluster tribal Madhya Gwalior Mohana Ghatigaon Agriculture Non- 6 pradesh Cluster tribal Madhya Jhabua Mohankot Petlawad Agriculture Tribal 9 pradesh Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Madhya Rewa Gauri Hanumana Manufacturing Non- 12 pradesh Cluster, tribal Services Cluster, Maharashtra Ahmednagar Tisgaon Pathardi Agriculture Tribal 10 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Services Cluster, Maharashtra Beed Kada Ashti Agriculture Non- 18 Cluster tribal Maharashtra Nashik Dabhadi Malegaon Agriculture Non- 8 Cluster, tribal Manufacturing Cluster, Maharashtra Palghar Kasatwadi Jawhar Agriculture Tribal 4 Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Maharashtra Pune Khadkala Maval Agriculture Non- 6 Cluster, tribal Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Manipur Imphal east Keirao makting 1.keirao cd block Agriculture Non- 8
2.kshetrigao cd block Cluster, tribal
3.saikul Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Meghalaya South west Mawlangwir Mawkyrwat Education Tribal 7 khasi hills Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Meghalaya West jaintia Sohkha cluster Amlarem Agriculture Tribal 6 hills Cluster Page 17 of 26Mizoram Aizawl Thingsulthliah Thingsulthliah Agriculture Non- 15 Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Odisha Balangir Sibtala Balangir Horticulture Tribal 5 Cluster Odisha Bargarh Dahita Padampur Manufacturing Non- 5 Cluster tribal Odisha Ganjam Keshpur Khallikote Fisheries Non- 10 Cluster tribal Odisha Kandhamal Kotagarh Kotagarh Agriculture Tribal 3 Cluster Odisha Nabarangpur Murtuma Umerkote Agriculture Tribal 2 Cluster Puducherry Pondicherry Bahour Ariankuppam Agriculture Non- 14 Cluster, tribal Tourism Cluster, Punjab Bathinda Jalaal(bathinda) Bhagta bhaika Agriculture Non- 17 Cluster tribal Punjab Fatehgarh Sanghol(fatehgarh Khamano Agriculture Non- 44 sahib sahib) Cluster, tribal Organic Farming Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Punjab Hoshiarpur Sansarpur Dasuya Agriculture Non- 68 Cluster, tribal Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Punjab Ludhiana Dhandara(ludhiana 1) Ludhiana-1 Agriculture Non- 21 Cluster tribal Punjab Tarn taran Chola sahib Chohla sahib-8 Agriculture Non- 18 Cluster, tribal Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Alwar Naugawan Ramgarh Agriculture Non- 3 Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Page 18 of 26Rajasthan Banswara Bhagora Garhi Agriculture Tribal 3 Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Rajasthan Bikaner Palana Bikaner Agriculture Non- 6 Cluster, tribal Education Health Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Jaipur Naraina Dudu Agriculture Tribal 3 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Rajasthan Jalore Raniwara kalan Raniwara Agriculture Non- 5 Cluster, tribal Education Health Cluster, Rajasthan Pratapgarh Arnod Arnod Agriculture Tribal 3 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Sikkim South district Namthang rurban Namthang Agriculture Non- 5 cluster Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Tamil nadu Kanchipuram Singaperumalkoil Kattankolathur Manufacturing Non- 7 Cluster, tribal Tourism Cluster, Tamil nadu Madurai Kovilpappagudi Madurai west Agriculture Non- 16 Cluster tribal Tamil nadu Thanjavur Thirumalaisamudram Thanjavur Agriculture Non- 9 Cluster tribal Telangana Jayashankar Nagaram Bhupalpalle Agriculture Tribal 21 bhupalapally Cluster Telangana Nagarkurnool Vennacherla Peddakothapalle Agriculture Non- 25 Cluster, tribal Horticulture Cluster, Telangana Peddapalli Sulthanabad Sulthanabad Agriculture Non- 30 Cluster tribal Page 19 of 26Tripura Dhalai Paschim chawmanu Chawmanu Agriculture Tribal 5 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Tripura Gomati Killa Killa Agriculture Tribal 7 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Tripura North tripura Belianchip 1.jampui hills Agriculture Tribal 4
2.resubelpara Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar pradesh Baghpat Silana 1.baraut Agriculture Non- 8
2.chhaprauli Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Page 20 of 26Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar pradesh Bareilly Urla jagir 1.betasing Agriculture Non- 13
2.bithiri chainpur Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Fisheries Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Services Cluster, Uttar pradesh Mirzapur Haliya Hallia Agriculture Non- 12 Cluster, tribal Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster,S ervices Cluster, Warehousing Cluster, Uttar pradesh Prayagraj Barokhar Koraon Agriculture Non- 12 Cluster, tribal Fisheries Cluster, Uttar pradesh Prayagraj Bhamhrauli uparhar Kaurihar Agriculture Non- 10 Cluster, tribal Education Health Cluster, Uttar pradesh Shravasti Chahalwa Hariharpur rani Agriculture Non- 10 Cluster, tribal Animal Husbandary Cluster, Education Health Cluster, Uttar pradesh Sonbhadra Kodai Nagwa Agriculture Tribal 5 Cluster Uttar pradesh Varanasi Dhaurhara Cholapur Agriculture Non- 12 Cluster, tribal Education Health Cluster, Horticulture Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Uttarakhand Tehri garhwal Dhanaulti Jaunpur Tourism Cluster Non- 10 tribal Page 21 of 26Uttarakhand Uttar kashi Dunda Dunda Agriculture Tribal 5 Cluster, Animal Husbandary Cluster, Manufacturing Cluster, Organic Farming Cluster, Total GP Covered in phase -II 916 Page 22 of 26ANNEXURE - II Annexure referred to in reply to parts (d) & (e) of Lok Sabha Starred Question No. 446 to be answered on 24.03.2026 Third-party evaluation done by Universities/Institutions Universities Major findings / Institutions Osmania 1. Basic Amenities & Infrastructure University Housing and Electrification: All three states showed significant improvement in providing safe housing and internal paved roads. Notably, all three states Zone-6 achieved 100% household electrification after the mission's intervention (Andhra Roads: While most areas reached over 75% coverage for paved internal roads, Pradesh, the Araku Valley Cluster in Andhra Pradesh still needs strengthening, as some Telangana, GPs remain below 60% and Kerala), 2. Healthcare Facilities State Disparity: Kerala is the only state with good healthcare infrastructure, where all Gram Panchayats (GPs) have Primary Health Centres Infrastructure Gaps: In contrast, only about 30% of GPs in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana have PHC facilities. Many sub-centers in these states operate in rented buildings and lack proper infrastructure, forcing residents to travel at least 10km for government health services
3. Education & Child Services Attendance: There is a noted increase in children attending primary and high schools, with a specific rise in girls' enrollment in high schools Mid-Day Meals: All schools achieved 100% implementation of the mid-day meal scheme, supported by the construction of proper kitchens and separate toilets for boys and girls ICDS: 100% achievement was recorded for children's immunization and Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) across all GPs
4. Digital Amenities & Governance Broadband Access: Kerala has achieved broadband connectivity in all GPs. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, only a few villages have such connections. e-Governance: A significant gap exists in Good Governance, as none of the GPs are currently providing e-panchayat services.
5. Economic & Social Welfare Social Security: The mission was highly effective in delivering social security benefits, including widow, old age, and disability pensions, as well as subsidized food grains via the PDS.
Livelihood Stagnation: The report found no major improvement in youth or women's involvement in skill training, suggesting a need for revised proposals to boost economic development.
Sardar Patel Infrastructure Progress: There has been very good progress and a significant University reduction in gaps for basic amenities, including inter-village road connectivity, rural housing, LPG connections, and digital literacy across most clusters Zone 3, Gujarat and Critical Deficiencies: Despite infrastructure gains, "substantial deficiencies" Rajasthan remain in economic-centric components, particularly skill development, agri- State services and processing, and solid and liquid waste management Sector-Specific Gaps: While clusters have unique economic drivers (such as the ceramic industry in Ravapar or tourism in Ambaji), there is a lack of targeted skill training to help local populations fully benefit from these industries.
Implementation Delays: While most physical infrastructure projects are in advanced stages, some economic and tourism-related projects (like water sports at Meshvo Dam) have been delayed due to the need for specialized technical expertise and safety sanctions .
Social and Environmental Costs: In industrial-heavy clusters like Ravapar and Vadinar, rapid development has led to issues like water scarcity and pollution, highlighting a need for better environmental management and more effective CSR coordination from local industries.
Page 23 of 26HNB Garhwal Implementation Disparities: There is a stark difference in project completion University across the zone. The Bhaktanpur-Abidpur cluster in Uttarakhand completed nearly all approved works (99.9%), whereas progress in the Gole Gujral (J&K) Zone-2 and Hinner (HP) clusters was low, with over 50% of works not yet initiated (Himachal Pradesh, Economic Impact & Land Value: Residents across all clusters perceived Uttarakhand, a substantial increase in land values and general improvement in basic services.
Jammu – However, the actual increase in household income was mostly reported Kashmir and as "marginal" or occurring only "to some extent" .
Ladakh) Consolidated Funding Challenges: Utilization of the Critical Gap Fund (CGF) was often lower Report than expected because many clusters failed to mobilize their proposed convergence funding from other government schemes Livelihood Trends: While agriculture remains the primary mainstay, there is a growing trend toward diversification into tourism and self-employment (e.g., homestays, transport services), particularly in the mountain clusters of Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh Guru Nanak Infrastructure & Connectivity: The mission has been highly successful in Dev upgrading roads from "fair-weather" to "all-weather" . This has significantly University improved people's mobility and their access to basic services across all clusters (Zone I) Education: There is a marked improvement in the quality of school infrastructure Punjab and H and the overall standard of education, with satisfaction levels reaching over 90% aryana . in several clusters like Harsha Chhina and Kholat Rewari Water Supply: The mission succeeded in providing piped water. Most residents expressed high satisfaction with the regularity, quality, and affordability of their drinking water Sanitation & Waste Management Gaps: While individual household latrines have increased, solid and liquid waste management remains a major failure . Almost 100% of households in most clusters do not segregate waste (wet vs. dry) and dispose of it away from houses without a proper collection system.
Livelihood & Economic Impact: The mission has had minimal impact on generating new livelihood options . While Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are functional in parts of Haryana (Tohana, Badli), they are largely non-functional or unknown to residents in the Punjab clusters .
Health Facilities: Reliance on private clinics remains high because residents perceive government facilities as inferior. Awareness of specific government health schemes (such as Maternity assistance or TB control) is very low.
Digital Literacy: Although mobile and internet access is nearly universal (over 90%), digital literacy is low. The internet is primarily used for entertainment rather than for skills or agri-services Land Value: Infrastructure improvements, particularly better road connectivity, have led to a noticeable increase in land values across the clusters University of 1. Barokhar Cluster (District: Prayagraj) Allahabad Livelihood: The area remains primarily agriculture-dependent, with over 82% of the workforce engaged in farming or agri-labour Clusters of Uttar Pradesh Infrastructure Gaps: While overhead tanks were constructed, they were not functional at the time of the survey. Consequently, 84% of the population still relies on public hand pumps (India Marka II) Sanitation & Waste: Though 57% of households have toilets, 60% of those toilets lack water supply. Waste management is a major failure, with 81% of the population reporting no waste segregation and 57% dumping waste in open areas .
Page 24 of 26 Digital & Energy: Wood remains the primary energy source for over 50% of households . While 78% use mobile phones, only 23% are digitally active with internet usage, primarily for entertainment Overall Impact: The inhabitants feel the mission has brought only marginal improvement to their lives, with most reporting they have not significantly benefited from SPMRM schemes.
2. Dasna Dehat Cluster (District: Ghaziabad) Sanitation Success: This cluster is effectively Open Defecation Free (ODF), with 100% of households possessing their own toilets Water Supply Issues: Although 52% of households are connected to piped water, there is extreme dissatisfaction (85-89%) regarding the quality and regularity of the water provided Positive Health & Education: Unlike Barokhar, this cluster reported very high satisfaction (93%) with government hospital infrastructure and staff availability).
Education infrastructure and school proximity were also rated positively. Drainage & Waste: Despite other successes, 41% of households lack drainage connectivity, leading to wastewater flowing openly on streets. Additionally, 61% of residents still dispose of garbage in undesignated places.
Tezpur 1. Strategic & Planning Discrepancies University Vision vs. Execution: There is a significant mismatch between the "Vision" set in the Integrated Cluster Action Plan (ICAP) and the actual projects focused on in Zone 10 the Detailed Project Reports (DPR). DPRs were frequently revised to include (North already completed works under other schemes (like MGNREGA) just to match Eastern funding ratios States) Standardisation Gaps: The process for preparing ICAPs was not standardised;
some states used outside agencies (spending up to ₹35 lakhs), while others used in-house staff, leading to anomalies in data and planning
2. Infrastructure & Service Delivery Water Supply: While 24/7 piped water is a priority, many assets (like overhead tanks in Manipur) were completed but remained non-functional due to missing distribution pipelines Digital & Smart Facilities: Although "Smart Villages" are a goal, most clusters lack "Smart Schools" or a clear, standardised definition of what one should be Waste Management: This remains a critical gap; in many clusters, solid and liquid waste management components were either ignored or not effectively implemented
3. Economic & Social Impact Livelihood & Skills: Skill development training is often reported only "on paper" with no post-training monitoring. In clusters like Namcheybong (Sikkim), 89% of households reported no improvement in livelihood opportunities since 2016 Private vs. Public Benefit: In some states, infrastructure like public galleries or classrooms were built on private property (e.g., private schools), making them inaccessible to the general public
4. Operational Challenges Institutional Framework: There is a notable lack of professional support; many states failed to engage "Young Professionals" (YPs) due to high living costs or administrative apathy Operation & Maintenance (O&M): No cluster had a concrete plan for O&M, leading to the rapid deterioration of new assets. In Tripura, batteries for solar lights were stolen immediately after installation Ramakrishna 1. State-Specific Progress Mission West Bengal: The mission has effectively not taken off at the district or cluster Vivekananda level. As of the report date, ICAPs were being revised, DPRs were not prepared, Education & and the first installment of funds remained unutilized.
Research Jharkhand: Implementation is underway across three clusters (Palani, Institute IRK Bhandaridih, and Dharmabahal), though with varying levels of financial and MVERI) physical success.
2. Infrastructure & Basic Services (Jharkhand) Zone 8 Clusters (Jharkhand Page 25 of 26and West Water & Health: There is high satisfaction (75%–90%) regarding water supply Bengal) quality and various health parameters, such as the availability of doctors, nurses, and medicines .
Sanitation Gaps: While many toilets were constructed under the Swachh Bharat Mission, open defecation persists because many of these toilets lack a functional water supply . Digital Literacy: A massive gap remains; in the Palani cluster, for example, 0% of households had digital connectivity at the time of the study .
3. Economic & Social Impact Livelihood: While a majority of respondents felt there was some improvement in livelihood options, less than 20% saw actual improvements in farming or livestock productivity .
Migration: Roughly 25% of families believed the mission's interventions helped reduce rural-to-urban migration.
4. Major Implementation Challenges Lack of Identity: The mission often works in isolation, making it difficult for residents to distinguish Rurban projects from other ongoing government schemes. Delays: Significant delays were noted in the preparation and approval of Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) .
Maintenance: There is a lack of a concrete institutional framework for the long- term operation and maintenance of created assets .
1. The evaluation has found that SPMRM is well aligned to the national context and NITI Aayog very relevant for ensuring transformational development (as against transitional development) Reference 2. The majority of beneficiary respondents during the evaluation mentioned positive period of the improvements in sanitation piped water and road network facilities.
study is from 3. Specifically, 89% and 78% of the beneficiary respondents observed 2015-16 to improvements in education and health facilities respectively.
2018-19 in 4. Population in absolute numbers and density have been increasing in the clusters.
2020 SPMRM prevents relocation to urban areas by inducing an ‘inverse movement’ as basic infrastructure and utilities are provided, and industrialization is promoted.
This leads to a steady increase in employment opportunities in Rurban areas.
5. SPMRM ensures inter-Ministerial convergence of schemes within a cluster, thereby ensuring multi-dimensional benefits for the beneficiaries, covering a broad spectrum of developmental needs and allowing for synergies with other schemes.
6. The inclusion of domain experts and institutions of repute in the implementation structure is a welcome move.
7. The evaluation has also documented two success stories (Dharambahal, Jharkhand on stemming distress migration through mushroom farming;
Bhagtanpur - Abidpur, Uttarakhand for good quality public participation.
8. The feedback on further improvements is with regards to strengthening skill development activities, clarifying ambiguities in planning acts, strengthening cluster governance, community engagement, capacity building, onboarding of quality professionals and utilization of innovation fund.
9. The evaluation also recommended having a new and extended programme for over 1,000 clusters in the next 3 years. ***** Page 26 of 26