Parliament Question: Swachh Bharat Mission

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF JAL SHAKTI DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.866 ANSWERED ON 24.07.2025 SWACHH BHARAT MISSION 866. SHRI MUKESHKUMAR CHANDRAKAANT DALAL: Will the Minister of JAL SHAKTI be pleased to state: (a) the number of household and public toilets constructed in the country and the distribution of these facilities since the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) in 2014, State-wise; (b) the financial expenditure on the Swachh Bharat Mission during the last ten years and the current year, year-wise and the key challenges in maintaining sanitation infrastructure across urban and rural areas; (c) whether the Government has conducted a comprehensive impact assessment survey to determine the effectiveness of SBM, particularly in terms of reducing open defecation and improving hygiene practices, if so, the details thereof; (d) the steps being taken by the Government to augment waste management infrastructure including solid waste recycling, sewage treatment and city-wide cleanliness monitoring under SBM 2.0; and (e) whether the Government has any future plans for sustainable sanitation and a roadmap to integrate advanced waste management technology and smart city initiatives with SBM and if so, the details thereof? ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI (SHRI V. SOMANNA) (a) State/UT-wise, No. of Individual household latrines (IHHLs) and Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) constructed under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen)[SBM(G)] since 2014 are given at Annexure-1. Under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban [SBM-U] and SBM-U 2.0, the State-wise details of household and public toilets constructed is at Annexure-2. Page 1 of 6(b) The details of Central share funds released during last 10 years and the current year under SBM(G) are as below : (Rs. In Crore) Year Central share released 2014-15 2849.95 2015-16 6524.53 2016-17 10509.04 2017-18 16941.96 2018-19 21629.79 2019-20 11845.71 2020-21 4947.92 2021-22 3111.37 2022-23 4925.14 2023-24 6802.58 2024-25 3622.00 2025-26(Upto 15.7.2025) 603.15 Under SBM(G), the key challenges in maintaining CSCs include limited awareness on regular usage and upkeep, lack of dedicated funds for maintenance, absence of clear ownership and overall management. However, in several States, Gram Panchayats are making commendable efforts within their means—undertaking awareness activities, exploring business linkages (such as attaching a shop) etc to ensure regular maintenance and sustainability. The details of funds released during last 10 years and the current year under SBM(U) are as below : (Rs. In Crore) Year Central share released 2014-15 859.48 2015-16 1108.09 2016-17 2137.24 2017-18 2540.60 2018-19 2392.52 2019-20 1298.21 2020-21 1000.22 2021-22 1969.20 2022-23 1934.50 2023-24 2392.49 2024-25 1892.86 2025-26(Upto 18.7.2025) 165.40* * Under revised SNA-Sparsh Model implemented w.e.f September 2024, Mother sanction of Rs.2069 Cr released to the States/UTs against which the claims have been approved for Rs.146.26 Cr. It also includes Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) expenditure for Rs.19.14 Cr. Page 2 of 6Operational Guidelines of SBM-U 2.0 prescribe that care should be taken to ensure that all Community Toilet /Public toilets/Urinals being constructed are built in tandem with water supply arrangements by the ULB including their operation & maintenance. (c) The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) has been conducting the Swachh Survekshan Grameen (SSG) through an independent survey agency to assess the performance of the States/UTs and Districts on key quantitative and qualitative Swachhata parameters. These parameters include Faecal Sludge Management (FSM), biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste management, and Grey Water Management (GWM). Additionally, assets like Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBARdhan) plants, Plastic Waste Management Units (PWMUs) and Faecal Sludge Management (FSM) assets were also assessed at the District/Block level by the independent survey agency. Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2023-24 The Survey, conducted during the period 2023-2024, covered 17,304 villages in 729 Districts across India and 85,901 public places namely schools, anganwadis, public health centres, haat/bazaars/religious places etc. in these 17,304 villages. Around 2,60,059 Households were interviewed for their feedback on SBM(G) related issues. The main findings of SSG 2023-24 are: • 95.1% of surveyed households have access to Toilet • 39.9% of households reported segregating their waste into biodegradable (organic) and non-biodegradable (inorganic) categories • 92.7% of households reported to have some arrangement in place for the disposal of Biodegradable (organic) Waste • 78.7% of households had some arrangements in place for disposal of greywater • 45.0% of villages had either exclusive or shared vehicles for the collection and transportation of solid waste • 29.4% of villages had storage and segregation sheds • 62.1% of villages were observed to have forward linkage for plastic waste • 91.1% of public places had minimal stagnant water within their premises • 76.7% of public places surveyed have access to toilets. • 83.8% of FSTPs/STPs with urban linkage were observed to be functional out of 437 surveyed • 61.4% of PWMUs were observed to be functional out of 1,029 surveyed • 58.5% of GOBARdhan/biogas plants were observed to be functional out of 451 surveyed Under MoHUA. the comprehensive annual sanitation survey (Swachh Survekshan) is conducted since 2016 with the aim to rank cities based on their cleanliness, promote healthy competition, raise awareness, and foster citizen participation. So far, out of total 4910 ULBs, 4692 ULBs have been certified the ODF status, 4314 ULBs certified as ODF+ status, 1973 ULBs certified as ODF++ and 214 ULBs certified as Water+. (d) and (e) The key objective of Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen Phase II is to sustain the ODF status of villages and to improve the levels of cleanliness in rural areas through solid and liquid waste management activities, making villages ODF plus. As per the operational guidelines of SBM (G) Phase - II, villages must be provided with an adequate number of Page 3 of 6individual and community compost pits for biodegradable waste including agricultural & cattle waste, and an adequate segregation and collection system for plastic waste. For this purpose, financial assistance of up to ₹60 per capita is available for villages with a population of up to 5,000, and ₹45 per capita for those with a population above 5,000. This will also cover the procurement of waste collection vehicles and the construction of storage and segregation sheds at the village or Gram Panchayat level. The operational guidelines also provide for at least one Plastic Waste Management Unit (PWMU) in each block in case clustering of blocks is not possible. A provision of up to ₹16 lakh per block has been made for the construction of a PWMU at the block level. As per information received from MoHUA. Government of India launched the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U) on October 2, 2014 with the objective Open Defecation Free (ODF) and for scientific processing of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in all the urban areas of the country. To carry forward the progress made, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM-U) 2.0 has been launched on October 1, 2021 for a period of five years with a vision of achieving Garbage Free Status for all cities through 100% source segregation, door to door collection and scientific management of all fractions of waste including safe disposal in scientific landfills. It also aims at remediation of all legacy dumpsites and converting them into green zones. The Swachh Bharat Mission Urban leverages technology to enhance sanitation and waste management across urban India. The selection of treatment technologies is open to ULBs/State Governments, allowing them to choose any proven technology as outlined in the Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) Manual and advisories issued from time to time. As per Clause 15 (v) of Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, ULBs may adopt suitable technologies including the following technologies for management of municipal solid waste: • bio-methanation, microbial composting, vermi-composting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate processing for bio-stabilization of biodegradable wastes; • waste to energy processes including refused derived fuel for combustible fraction of waste or supply as feedstock to solid waste-based power plants or cement kilns. Also, to promote an enabling environment for development startups and entrepreneurs in the waste management sector, in collaboration with Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), start-ups are identified through challenge mode. A centre has been set up at Startup Incubation and Innovation Center (SIIC), IIT Kanpur for providing one year of incubation support to the shortlisted organizations ***** Page 4 of 6Statement referred to in part (a) of the reply to Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.866 for reply on 24.07.2025 Annexure 1 State/UT-wise, No. of Individual household latrines (IHHLs) and Community Sanitary Complexes (CSCs) constructed under SBM(G) since 2014 S.N. State/UT Name No. of IHHLs No. of CSCs constructed constructed 1 A & N Islands 23,195 320 2 Andhra Pradesh 43,77,930 15,167 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1,55,083 3,087 4 Assam 42,20,757 4,669 5 Bihar 1,39,37,403 9,364 6 Chhattisgarh 35,71,837 13,947 7 D & N Haveli and Daman & Diu 21,952 69 8 Goa 30,361 589 9 Gujarat 43,86,216 8,094 10 Haryana 7,29,993 5,904 11 Himachal Pradesh 2,27,288 6,043 12 Jammu & Kashmir 14,08,053 5,520 13 Jharkhand 41,97,259 1,253 14 Karnataka 50,50,952 2,840 15 Kerala 2,67,334 1,966 16 Ladakh 22,559 433 17 Lakshadweep 10 22 18 Madhya Pradesh 77,64,409 19,711 19 Maharashtra 71,72,770 28,830 20 Manipur 2,77,553 1,150 21 Meghalaya 3,15,930 1,282 22 Mizoram 47,403 656 23 Nagaland 1,50,192 1,438 24 Odisha 74,65,851 3,200 25 Puducherry 29,841 11 26 Punjab 5,67,595 6,641 27 Rajasthan 84,95,050 25,776 28 Sikkim 24,983 715 29 Tamil Nadu 60,24,612 9,091 30 Telangana 31,33,069 6,094 31 Tripura 4,99,623 615 32 Uttar Pradesh 2,54,79,144 62,396 33 Uttarakhand 5,44,982 3,015 34 West Bengal 84,61,077 10,074 Total:- 11,90,82,266 2,59,982 Page 5 of 6Annexure 2 State/UT-wise, No. of Individual household latrines (IHHLs) and Community and Public Toilets constructed under SBM(U) since 2014 S.N. State/UT Name No. of IHHLs No. of Community and constructed Public Toilets (No. of Seats) constructed 1 Andhra Pradesh 2,43,764 17,799 2 A & N Islands 336 609 3 Arunachal Pradesh 11,606 89 4 Assam 78,788 3,356 5 Bihar 4,04,444 28,677 6 Chandigarh 6,117 2,512 7 Chhattisgarh 3,26,435 18,832 8 D & N Haveli and Daman & Diu 2,378 615 9 Delhi 779 28,256 10 Goa 3,801 1,270 11 Gujarat 5,60,046 24,149 12 Haryana 66,751 11,374 13 Himachal Pradesh 6,743 1,700 14 Jammu & Kashmir 51,246 3,451 15 Jharkhand 2,18,700 9,643 16 Karnataka 3,93,278 36,556 17 Kerala 37,207 2,872 18 Ladakh 434 194 19 Madhya Pradesh 5,79,642 29,867 20 Maharashtra 7,23,473 1,66,465 21 Manipur 40,708 581 22 Meghalaya 1,604 152 23 Mizoram 15,495 1,324 24 Nagaland 21,471 238 25 Odisha 1,67,306 12,211 26 Puducherry 5,189 836 27 Punjab 1,03,683 11,522 28 Rajasthan 3,68,515 31,300 29 Sikkim 1,559 268 30 Tamil Nadu 5,45,101 92,744 31 Telangana 1,57,165 15,465 32 Tripura 24,002 1,089 33 Uttar Pradesh 9,00,438 70,370 34 Uttarakhand 28,058 4,694 35 West Bengal 2,82,542 5,746 Total:- 63,78,804 6,36,826 ***** Page 6 of 6