**Executive Summary**
This document, dated December 4, 2025, outlines initiatives for wastewater reuse and river rejuvenation, led by the Ministry of Jal Shakti. It details the responsibilities of states/UTs, local bodies, and industrial units in treating sewage and industrial effluents. The document also references funding, guidelines, and monitoring efforts related to river quality and water conservation.
**Key Points / Main Content**
* **Responsibilities and Monitoring:**
* States/UTs, local bodies, and industrial units are responsible for proper sewage and industrial effluent treatment.
* Industrial effluent discharge is monitored by CPCB and SPCBs/PCCs under relevant environmental acts.
* Industries must install treatment plants and comply with standards; encouraged to reduce wastewater and aim for Zero Liquid Discharge.
* **Pollution and Compliance:**
* Out of 4493 Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs), 3633 are operational and 860 have closed.
* Among operational industries, 3031 are compliant, while show-cause notices and closure directions were issued to non-complying industries.
* **Guidelines and Planning:**
* Technical Guidelines on Flood Plain Zoning have been issued to States/UTs.
* Urban River Management Plans developed by NMCG integrate river-sensitive planning.
* **River Quality Improvement:**
* Total Polluted River Stretches (PRSs) decreased from 351 in 2018 to 296 in 2025.
* 149 PRSs in 22 States/UTs have been delisted; 71 in 20 States/UTs show improvement.
* **Wastewater Reuse:**
* National Framework for Reuse of Treated Water developed to guide state policies.
* **Water Quality Monitoring:**
* CPCB monitors river quality through the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NWQMP).
* Directions issued for GPIs to install Online Continuous Effluent Monitoring System (OCEMS).
* **Water Conservation Schemes:**
* Various schemes including MGNREGS, AMRUT, and PMKSY promote water conservation.
* Minimum 65% of MNREGS funds are mandated for water conservation in exploited rural areas.
* **State-Level Data (Refer to Annexures):**
* Annexure-I provides state-wise details of sanctioned cost and funds released under the National River Conservation Plan and Namami Gange Programme.
* Annexure-II presents state-wise progress under the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari 1.0 initiative (as of 31.05.2025).
**Impact Analysis**
**States/Union Territories (UTs)**
* **Impact**: Responsible for implementing guidelines, ensuring proper treatment of sewage and industrial effluents, and developing state policies on wastewater reuse.
* **Action Required**: Adhere to technical guidelines on flood plain zoning, implement urban river management plans, ensure compliance with CPCB/SPCBs standards, and promote water conservation initiatives.
**Local Bodies**
* **Impact**: Ensuring the treatment of sewage within their jurisdiction.
* **Action Required**: Install and maintain sewage treatment plants and comply with prescribed standards.
**Industrial Units**
* **Impact**: Affected by regulations regarding wastewater discharge and effluent treatment.
* **Action Required**: Install effluent treatment plants, comply with prescribed standards, reduce wastewater generation, and consider reuse/recycle of wastewater.
**Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) / State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Pollution Control Committees (PCCs)**
* **Impact**: Accountable for the monitoring and regulation of discharge of industrial effluents
* **Action Required**: Enforce environmental regulations, monitor industrial effluent discharges, and take action against violators.
**Citizens**
* **Impact**: Improved river water quality and increased water conservation efforts
* **Action Required**: To benefit from cleaner rivers and efficient water usage. Support water conservation and sanitation efforts.
Key Entities Referenced
Ministry of Jal Shakti: Provides financial and technical assistance to States/UTs for sewage treatment and issues technical guidelines for flood plain zoning.
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB): Monitors discharge of industrial effluents and regulates water quality through various programs and directions to industries.
Namami Gange: Central Sector Scheme for river Ganga and its tributaries, providing financial and technical assistance for sewage treatment.
National River Conservation Plan (NRCP): Centrally Sponsored Scheme for rivers other than the Ganga and its tributaries, focusing on sewage treatment.
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: One of the laws used by CPCB/SPCBs/PCCs for taking punitive action against violators of environmental standards.
Ministry of Jal Shakti
REUSE OF WASTEWATER AND RIVER
REJUVENATION
प्रव तथ: 04 DEC 2025 6:15PM by PIB Delhi
Cleaning and rejuvenation of rivers is a continuous process. It is the primary responsibility of the
States/Union Territories (UTs), local bodies and industrial units to ensure proper treatment of sewage and
industrial effluents to prescribed norms before discharge into rivers, other water bodies, coastal waters or
land.
To meet the gap in sewage treatment, the Ministry of Jal Shakti provides financial and technical assistance
to States/UTs through the Central Sector Scheme of Namami Gange for river Ganga and its tributaries,
and the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) for other rivers.
Apart from this sewerage infrastructure is created under programs like Atal Mission for Rejuvenation &
Urban Transformation (AMRUT) and Smart Cities Mission of Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.
Discharge of Industrial Effluents is monitored by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and the
respective State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/ Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) through the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and take
punitive action against violators. States/UTs/Local Bodies and industrial units are required to install
sewage and effluent treatment plants and comply with prescribed standards. In addition, the industries are
encouraged to reduce their waste water generation by technological advancement, reuse/recycle of waste
water and maintain Zero Liquid Discharge wherever possible.
As per CPCB, there are total of 4493 Grossly Polluting Industries (GPIs). Out of which, 3633 number of
industries are operational and 860 industries have been closed down on their own. Amongst the
operational industries, 3031 industries are reported to be complying with the environmental standards,
while show-cause notices issued to 572 industries, closure directions issued to 29 noncomplying industries
and direction issued to one unit.
The Ministry of Jal Shakti has issued Technical Guidelines on Flood Plain Zoning to States/UTs for
regulating development activities in flood-prone areas and mitigating associated risks. NMCG has
developed Urban River Management Plans in coordination with National Institute of Urban Affairs which
integrate river sensitive planning into statutory master plans.
As per the latest report of CPCB published in October, 2025 on 'Polluted River Stretches for Restoration
of Water Quality' reveals that total number of Polluted River Stretches (PRSs) has decreased from 351 in
2018 to 296 in 2025. The report further shows that 149 PRS in 22 States/UTs have been delisted and 71PRSs located in 20 States/UTs have shown improvement in river water quality between 2018 and 2025.
States/UTs showing improvement in pollution levels of some of the river stretches as given in the reports
of 2018 and 2025 include Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu,
Goa, Himachal, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil
Nadu, Tripura, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
National Mission for Clean Ganga has developed a National Framework for Reuse of Treated Water that
provides guidance to States in developing the State policies on reuse of treated waste water. Some of the
notable examples of reuse of water are from States of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka,
Haryana and Tamil Nadu. The State-wise details of expenditure incurred on enhancing reuse of
wastewater is not maintained by the Ministry.
CPCB, through its National Water Quality Monitoring Programme (NWQMP), regularly monitors the
quality of water in the rivers. CPCB has issued directions to all the GPIs to install Online Continuous
Effluent Monitoring System (OCEMS) with real time data connectivity to CPCB/ SPCBs for self-
monitoring. This mechanism is applicable for all over the country, in Sidhi Lok Sabha Constituency
manual water quality is being monitored regularly. Government through its legal & regulatory framework,
basin-wise approach, pollution control systems & their funding etc., ensures inter-state coordination.
Water conservation is the main component of various flagship schemes/ campaigns of the Government
which include Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), Atal
Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
(PMKSY), Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA), Jal Shakti
Abhiyan: Catch the Rain (JSA: CTR), Atal Bhujal Yojana etc. These schemes are implemented through
inter-sectoral convergence to promote water conservation. Besides, the Government has mandated a
minimum 65% of MNREGS fund allocation for water conservation, water harvesting & related works in
over exploited & critical rural blocks (Dark Zones).
As per by the Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, there is no GPIs located in Siddharthnagar district
discharging into river Ganga and Yamuna main stem and their tributaries.
The State-wise details of funds sanctioned and released including Punjab under National River
Conservation Plan (excluding Ganga & its tributaries) and under Namami Gange Programme is at
Annexure-1. The statement indicating the artificial recharge structures created under Jal Sanchay Jan
Bhagidari 1.0 initiative is at Annexure-II.
Creation of new treatment capacity through setting up of new STPs under schemes viz. Namami Gange,
NRCP, AMRUT 2.0, Smart Cities Mission etc. is ensured. Besides, upgradation of existing STPs through
retrofitting of old STPs & adoption of modern & efficient technologies, strengthening of operation &
maintenance of existing STPs and improving sewer network is also promoted by the Government.Government also takes structural & non-structural measures, ecological conservation and coordinated
institutional arrangements for river bank protection. Besides, several measures for stormwater
management have been taken by Government which include strengthening of urban drainage under
AMRUT and Smart Cities Mission, rejuvenation of lakes and wetlands under National Plan for
Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems and implementation of stormwater guidelines by Central Public
Health Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO) and National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA). The aforesaid measures are applicable in all the States/UTs of the Country including Madhya
Pradesh.
As inputs received from Madhya Pradesh that Urban Development Department (Nagar Nigam) has
installed STP capacity of 28 MLD at Chhindwara M.P. In Bhopal, Water Quality of 4 major ponds namely
Upper Lake, Lower Lake, Kaliasot and Kerwa reservoir are regularly being monitored by Madhya Pradesh
Pollution Control Board (MPPCB) and the water quality is found in B category which is fit for outdoor
bathing. The sewage treatment plant is installed for sewage treatment and action is being taken under
Amrit Yojna implemented by Urban Development Department. In Sehore district, the Budhni town is
located on river Narmada and 2 Sewerage Treatment Plants are installed to intercept sewage of Budhni
town.
The information was provided by THE MINISTER OF STATE FOR JAL SHAKTI SHRI RAJ
BHUSHAN CHOUDHARY in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha today.
***
ND
(Lok Sabha US Q720)
ANNEXURE-I
ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY OF QUESTION NO. 720 ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON
04.12.2025 REGARDING “REUSE OF WASTEWATER AND RIVER REJUVENATION”
a. State-wise details of sanctioned cost and funds released under National River Conservation
Plan, Centrally Sponsored Scheme
(excluding Ganga and its tributaries)
(Rs. In crore)
S. No. State Sanctioned Cost Funds Released
by Central Govt.
1 Andhra Pradesh 110.21 288.06
2 Telangana 345.723 Jammu & Kashmir 342.65 169.05
4 Jharkhand 3.14 4.26
5 Gujarat 1875.29 1052.73
6 Goa 95.23 51.43
7 Karnataka 66.25 47.83
8 Maharashtra 3109.85 940.10
9 Madhya Pradesh 20.16 12.46
10 Manipur 190.12 100.93
11 Odisha 92.74 63.40
12 Punjab 774.43 516.14
13 Rajasthan 172.60 25.01
14 Tamil Nadu 908.13 623.65
15 Kerala 115.76 7.78
16 Sikkim 608.12 406.85
17 Nagaland 140.12 68.33
Total 8970.52 4378.01
(b) State-wise details of sanctioned cost and funds released under Namami Gange
Programme, Central Sector Scheme (Ganga and its tributaries)
(Rs. in crore)
S.No State Sanctioned Cost Fund Released
By Central Govt.
1. Uttarakhand 1743.00 918.002. Uttar Pradesh 16201.00 5553.00
3. Bihar 7752.00 3404.00
4. Jharkhand 1310.00 250.00
5. West Bengal 4657.00 1620.00
6. Haryana 218.00 148.00
7. Delhi 1987.00 1522.00
8. Himachal Pradesh 12.00 4.00
9. Rajasthan 258.00 131.00
10. Madhya Pradesh 670.00 -
Total 34808.00 13550.00
ANNEXURE-II
ANNEXURE REFERRED IN REPLY OF QUESTION NO. 720 ANSWERED IN LOK SABHA ON
04.12.2025 REGARDING “REUSE OF WASTEWATER AND RIVER REJUVENATION”
State-wise progress under Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari 1.0
(Status as on 31.05.2025)
S. No. State Completed Work
1 Andaman And Nicobar Islands 119
2 Andhra Pradesh 36338
3 Assam 1715
4 Bihar 134930
5 Chhattisgarh 405563
6 Chandigarh 117 Delhi 201
8 Dadra And Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 92
9 Goa 7
10 Gujarat 133522
11 Himachal Pradesh 148
12 Haryana 7465
13 Jharkhand 2798
14 Jammu And Kashmir 6129
15 Karnataka 115303
16 Kerala 5396
17 Ladakh 1
18 Maharashtra 7149
19 Meghalaya 3356
20 Manipur 34
21 Madhya Pradesh 278852
22 Mizoram 1
23 Nagaland 63
24 Odisha 101174
25 Punjab 6093
26 Puducherry 161
27 Rajasthan 364968
28 Sikkim 1829 Telangana 520362
30 Tamil Nadu 73394
31 Tripura 12305
32 Uttarakhand 2333
33 Uttar Pradesh 141055
34 West Bengal 27
Total 2361083
(Source: Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari portal)
(रलीज़ आईडी: 2198935) आगंतुक पटल : 341
इस वज्ञ को इन भाषाओ ंम पढ़: ही