PARLIAMENT QUESTION: SATELLITE-BASED DISASTER MONITORING MECHANISMS

**Executive Summary** This report details the satellite-based disaster monitoring mechanisms employed by ISRO and the Department of Space, as presented in the Lok Sabha on March 18, 2026. It highlights the use of Earth observation satellites for real-time disaster tracking, the role of the Space Application Management System (SAMS), and international collaborations. Key future objectives include the realization of new satellites and ground systems over the next five years to enhance national security and disaster management. **Key Points / Main Content** * **Satellite Operations and Disaster Tracking** * ISRO/DoS tasks Earth Observation Satellites to capture data over areas affected or threatened by disasters. * The International Charter for Space & Major Disasters is activated for severe events, providing data from 17 member agencies and 16 contributors. * Satellites such as INSAT-3DR, INSAT-3DS, and Oceansat-3 are utilized for cyclone detection, track prediction, and landfall assessment. * The IMD requests rapid scans from INSAT-3DR specifically during the formation of depressions and cyclones. * **Mapping and Damage Assessment** * Near-real-time inundation maps are generated for riverine and cyclonic floods. * Rapid damage assessments are conducted for earthquakes and landslides using satellite data. * Drought triggers and indicators are managed through the National Geospatial Drought portal on ISRO’s Vedas Geoportal. * **Data Dissemination and Policy Framework** * Satellite data and value-added products are disseminated via ISRO Geoportals, including Bhoonidhi, MOSDAC, Bhuvan, and NDEM. * Operations adhere to the Indian Space Policy 2023 and the National Geospatial Policy. * Information is shared directly with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), NDMA, and State Disaster Management Authorities. * **System Management and Future Infrastructure** * The Space Application Management System (SAMS), implemented in 2021, assesses satellite needs and ensures data utilization for Agriculture, Water, and Forests. * The Government has approved new satellites and ground systems to be realized over the next five years. * Future systems are designed to strengthen resource management and provide continuous surveillance of national borders and maritime areas. **Impact Analysis** **Disaster Management Authorities (MHA, NDMA, and State DMAs)** **Impact** These stakeholders receive critical, near-real-time data, including inundation maps and damage assessments, which are essential for emergency response. **Action Required** Incorporate disseminated satellite data and maps into active disaster management and relief operations. **Sectoral User Segments (Agriculture, Water, and Forests)** **Impact** The Space Application Management System (SAMS) facilitates the use of satellite data for policy formulation and thematic development in these domains. **Action Required** Utilize SAMS for assessing satellite needs and adhere to recommended cost-sharing models for data utilization. **National Security and Border Management Agencies** **Impact** The approval of new satellites will enable continuous surveillance of India's borders and maritime regions. **Action Required** Prepare to integrate data from upcoming satellite and ground systems into national security and resource management protocols over the next five years.

Key Entities Referenced